[Tr] From Genotype to Phenotype Flashcards
What is RR/rr?
Homozygous
What is Rr?
Heterozygous
What 2 types of variation are there?
Genetic and Enviromental
What is asexual reproduction?
Asexual reproduction is where one party is only needed to create offspring.
What is sexual reproduction?
Sexual reproduction is where two parties are needed of opposite sexes. e.g a Man and Woman for a human child.
What reproduction cycle is faster?
Asexual reproduction
Give an example of asexual reproduction
Runners on a plant
Give an example of sexual reproduction
Seeds from a plant
Proteins are made of what folded polymer?
A polypeptide
Where is DNA genetic code found?
The nucleus
What makes a protein?
A section of DNA called a gene
What happens when a protein needs synthesising?
An enzyme called RNA polymerase separates a strand of DNA within a gene from the start of the coding region. The RNA breaks the hydrogen bonds between the base pairs. It later transcribes the DNA code and makes it into mRNA. the mRNA enters the cytoplasm where it is joined by a ribosome (containing tRNA) tRNA reads the triplets and transcribes them into amino acids. The amino acids, once in the correct order, is a polypeptides that can be folded into a protein.
What happens to the base T (Thymine) in mRNA
It becomes a u (uracil)
Why is mRNA single-stranded?
Because double-stranded DNA can’t leave the nucleus via the pores, only single-stranded.
What happens once the mRNA enters the cytoplasm?
The ribosome attaches itself to the mRNA, creating amino acids to the corresponding bases. Each triplet [of bases] equates to one amino acid. The newly created amino acids are joined up in the correct order to form a polypeptide that can later become a protein.