TPO 41-50 Vocabulary Flashcards
The paintings and chants used in the ceremonies are directed by well-trained artists and singers who {enlist徵募入伍} the aid of spirits who are impersonated by masked performers.
A assist協助
B require要求
C describe描述
D {recruit}徵募
The songs sung over the paintings are also {faithful忠誠可靠; 準確可靠} renditions of songs from the past.
A modern現代
B {accurate}精確
C wonderful奇妙
D simplified簡化
Weaving is a paradigm of the creativity of a mythic {ancestor} named Spider Woman who wove the universe as a cosmic web that united earth and sky. It was she who, according to legend, taught Navajo women how to weave.
A relative from an earlier generation
B person who established a particular tradition in a
society
C {hero from ancient times}
D person who once made important contributions to a social group or culture
often sporadic and usually based on {notions概念想法} of reciprocity, it involved the mutual exchange of commodities or objects between individuals or groups.
A {ideas}
B rules
C degrees
D traditions
It could be, too, that warfare became a competitive response to population growth and to the increasing scarcity of {prime主要最好的} agricultural land, and that it played an important role in the emergence of the Mayan states.
A low-lying低窪
B easily accessible容易進入
C unused
D {high-quality}
Others have blamed extinction on competition from the mammals, which {allegedly據說宣稱} ate all the dinosaur eggs-except that mammals and dinosaurs appeared at the same time in the Late Triassic, about 190 million years ago, and there is no reason to believe that mammals suddenly acquired a taste for dinosaur eggs after 120 million years of coexistence.
A inevitably
B gradually
C {supposedly}按照推測
D increasingly
According to computerized climate models, global temperatures fell to near the freezing point, photosynthesis {halted暫停停止}, and most plants on land and in the sea died. With the bottom of the food chain destroyed, dinosaurs could not survive.
A slowed
B {stopped}
C contracted
D declined
By contrast, any explanation that focuses {strictly完全的} on the dinosaurs completely misses the point.
A {exclusively}專有的排外的
B mainly主要的
C initially
D wrongly
On land, there was also a {crisis危機} among the land plants, in addition to the disappearance of dinosaurs.
A collapse崩塌瓦解
B disturbance干擾
C {critical situation}危急時刻
D loss損失
{Extensive廣大的} mountain ranges were formed from compression of the crust, forming long ridges with parallel valleys spaced one to two kilometers apart.
A Unusual
B {Large}
C New
D Steep
Geographic isolation creates opportunities for new species to develop, but it does not necessarily lead to new species because speciation occurs only when the gene pool {undergoes遭受經歷} enough changes to establish reproductive barriers between the isolated population and its parent population.
A {experiences}
B allows
C prevents
D causes
When the current {approaches接近} the equator, the westward-flowing trade winds cause nutrient-rich cold water along the coast to rise from deeper depths to more shallow ones.
A ｛nears｝接近
B crosses橫越
C travels along沿著前行
D leaves離開
Over the last few decades, the term El Niño has come to be used to describe these {exceptionally例外異常特殊} strong episodes and not the annual event.
A obviously
B {unusually}
C relatively
D occasionally
Still, extreme temperatures, in combination with other factors, may have dramatic {detrimental有害不利的} effects.
A {harmful}
B significant
C unexpected
D distinct
A mixture of continuous but thin vegetation supporting herds of large mammals is one that seems {plausible貌似真實的} and realistic with the available data.
A preferable更好更合意的
B practical實際的
C {reasonable}合理的
D advantageous有優勢的
The {drawback缺點不利條件} is that wind is obviously unspecific as to where it takes the pollen.
A other side of the issue事情另一面
B objection缺點缺陷
C concern關心
D {problem}問題難題
Birch and hazel trees can produce 5.5 and 4 million grains per catkin, {respectively各別各自}.
A over time
B {separately}
C in that order
D consistently
Since all this pollen is floating around in the air, it is {no wonder難怪不足為奇} that wind-pollinated trees are a major source of allergies.
A {unsurprising}不令人吃驚的
B understandable可理解
C well-known出名的
D unfortunate不幸的
Another consequence of the limited availability of prey is that many animals have developed ways of {coping with處理應付} much larger food particles, relative to their own body size, than the equivalent shallower species can process.
A absorbing
B finding
C approaching
D {managing}管理處理
Though clumsy and bulky it has a {virtue優點} dear to archaeologists: it is durable.
A price
B design
C {desirable quality}
D physical characteristic
virtual實際上的
virtually實際上差不多
{Now and then有時偶爾} these files include pieces of writing that are of a distinctly different order, writings that do not merely record some matter of fact but involve creative intellectual activity.
A always
B {occasionally}
C sooner or later遲早
D first and last
The widespread use of cash greatly increased the volume of international trade.Business procedures changed {radically根本徹底的}.
A {fundamentally}
B quickly
C unexpectedly
D gradually
Commercial correspondence, unnecessary when one businessperson {oversaw監督管理} everything and made direct bargains with buyers and sellers, multiplied. Regular courier service among commercial cities began.
A understood
B included
C delivered
D {supervised}
First, if there are more species in an ecosystem, then its food web will be more complex, with greater {redundancy多於重複} among species in terms of their nutritional roles.
A {duplication}複製
B variety
C requirements
D flexibility
We should not underestimate the social status associated with such {mundane世俗平凡} possessions which had not previously been available.
A material
B {ordinary}
C valued
D useful
It was {lavishly大量豐富} furnished with imported sculptures and other Classical objects.
A exclusively
B additionally
C appropriately
D {richly}
The spaces inside even the largest roundhouses were {modest謙虛穩重適度的}, and the use of rounded shapes and organic building materials gave buildings a human scale.
A comfortable
B limited in number
C poorly lit昏暗的
D {not large}不太大
Some tropical termites are more {ingenious足智多謀} engineers, constructing huge above-ground nests with built-in “air conditioning” that keeps the nest moist, at a constant temperature, and well supplied with oxygen.
A determined
B {clever}
C ambitious
D successful
They will not grow in very deep water, so a platform within 30 to 40 meters of the surface is a necessary {prerequisite前提要求} for their development.
A precaution
B preparation
C {requirement}
D achievement
The 2,000 kilometer {complex複雜綜合設施} of reefs known as the Great Barrier Reef, which forms a gigantic natural breakwater off the northeast coast of Australia, is by far the greatest coral structure on Earth.
A extension
B {system}
C region
D variety
Coral reefs have fascinated scientists for almost 200 years, and some of the most {pertinent洽當相關} observations of them were made in the 1830s by Charles Darwin on the voyage of the Beagle.
A extraordinary
B {relevant}
C intelligent
D famous
Confronted with a multitude of unreliable figures, economists have compared the population records with the {aggregate合計總計} data for cultivated land area and grain production in the six centuries since 1368.
A available有空的
B reliable可靠
C {combined}結合總結
D recorded紀錄
The cause of the urban heat island is quite {involved複雜混亂}.
A uncertain
B {complicated}
C common
D clear
The release of heat energy is {retarded減速阻止} by the tall vertical city walls that do not allow infrared radiation to escape as readily as does the relatively level surface of the surrounding countryside.
A disguised偽裝
B added to
C made possible
D {slowed down}
On clear still nights when the heat island is {pronounced明顯顯著的}, a small thermal low-pressure area forms over the city.
A examined檢查
B relative
C {strongest}
D darkest
By about 1150 the Spanish had developed the first mill for making cheap paper (a word {contracted合約; 縮小} from “papyrus”, which became the standard term).
A translated
B invented
C {shortened}
D borrowed
Europe’s economic institutions, particularly those in England, were strong, had wealth available for new investment, and seemed almost to be waiting for some technological breakthrough that would expand their profit-making {potential潛力} even more.
A Rate
B Dominance
C {Capacity}容量能力
D Method
Britain’s relatively stable government also helped create an atmosphere {conducive to有益促成} industrial progress.
A Controlled by
B {Favorable to}
C Restricted to
D Dependent on
Enabling farmers to speed their products to the East, railroads increased the value of farmland and {promoted迅速促使提醒} additional settlement.
A {encouraged}
B controlled
C promised
D predicted
In contrast to the political {anarchy無政府狀態}, economic dislocation, and military destruction in Spanish America, Brazil`s drive toward independence from Portugal proceeded as a relatively bloodless transition between 1808 and 1822.
A uncertainty
B {disorder}
C powerlessness
D violence
The event that {precipitated落下沉澱} the break with the mother country was the revolution of 1820 in Portugal.
A came before在之前來
B {brought about}造成引起
C resulted from產生於
D slowed down慢下來
{Timid膽小害羞} and vacillating, King João did not know which way to turn.
A {Fearful}
B Angry
C Poor
D Sickly
vacillate猶豫
Though Population I stars consist mostly of hydrogen and helium gas, they also contain heavy elements (heavier than helium), which {comprise組成包括} about 1 or 2 percent of their mass.
A absorb
B lose
C increase to
D {make up}組成
