TPO 1-10 Vocabulary

Question 1

Having little understanding of natural causes, it {attributes歸因於} both desirable and undesirable occurrences to supernatural or magical forces, and it searches for means to win the favor of these forces.

Answer 1

A {ascribes}歸因於
B leaves
C limits
D contrasts

Question 2

But neither the human imitative instinct nor a {penchant傾向} for fantasy by itself leads to an autonomous theater.

Answer 2

A compromise妥協和解
B {inclination}傾向
C tradition
D respect

Question 3

The transition from forest to treeless tundra on a mountain slope is often a {dramatic} one.

Answer 3

A gradual
B complex
C visible
D {striking}

Question 3

This is particularly true for trees in the middle and upper latitudes, which tend to {attain} greater heights on ridges, whereas in the tropics the trees reach their greater heights in the valleys.

Answer 3

A require
B resist
C {achieve}
D endure

Question 3

The semiarid lands bordering the deserts exist in a {delicate易碎細緻} ecological balance and are limited in their potential to adjust to increased environmental pressures.

Answer 3

A {Fragile}
B Predictable
C Complex
D Valuable

Question 4

The cultivation of crops has expanded into {progressively} drier regions as population densities have grown.

Answer 4

A Openly公然的
B Impressively
C Objectively客觀的
D {Increasingly}

Question 5

Exhibitors, however, wanted to maximize their profits, which they could do more {readily迅速容易} by projecting a handful of films to hundreds of customers at a time (rather than one at a time) and by charging 25 to 50 cents admission.

Answer 5

A Frequently
B {Easily}
C Intelligently
D Obviously

Question 6

Buildings contribute to human life when they provide shelter, enrich space, complement their site, suit the climate, and are economically {feasible可行的}.

Answer 6

A in existence
B without question
C {achievable}
D most likely

Question 7

The world’s architectural structures have also been {devised設計策劃} in relation to the objective limitations of materials.

Answer 7

A combined
B {created}
C introduced
D suggested

Question 8

Materials and methods of construction are {integral整體基本的} parts of the design of architectural structures.

Answer 8

A {essential}
B variable
C practical
D independent

Question 9

In the past, whole cities grew from the {arduous費力艱鉅} task of cutting and piling stone upon stone.

Answer 9

A {difficult}
B necessary
C skilled
D shared

Question 10

The {ensuing接著發生} rapid expansion of irrigation agriculture, especially from the 1950s onward, transformed the economy of the region.

Answer 10

A continuing不間斷連續
B surprising
C initial
D {subsequent}接著發生

Question 11

This unprecedented development of a finite groundwater resource with an almost negligible natural recharge rate-that is, {virtually事實上幾乎差不多} no natural water source to replenish the water supply-has caused water tables in the region to fall drastically.

Answer 11

A clearly
B perhaps
C frequently
D {almost}

Question 12

The destruction caused by the volcanic explosion of Mount St. Helens, in the northwestern United States, for example, {pales使黯淡遜色} in comparison to the destruction caused by humans.

Answer 12

A increases proportionally
B differs
C {loses significance}
D is common

Question 13

Wildlife zoologist Helmut Buechner(1953), in reviewing the nature of biotic changes in Washington through recorded time, says that “since the early 1940s, the state has had more deer than at any other time in its history, the winter population fluctuating around approximately 320,000 deer (mule and black-tailed deer), which will yield about 65,000 of either sex and any age annually for an {indefinite模糊未定 period}.”

Answer 13

A {whose end has not been determined}
B that does not begin when expected
C that lasts only briefly
D whose importance remains unknown

Question 14

The paintings rest on bare walls, with no backdrops or environmental {trappings裝飾外表}.

Answer 14

A conditions
B problems
C influences
D {decorations}

Question 15

Microscopic organisms settle to the seafloor and {accumulate累積} in marine mud.

Answer 15

A grow up成長
B {build up}累積
C spread out
D break apart

Question 16

Offshore drilling platforms extend the search for oil to the ocean`s continental shelves-those gently {sloping傾斜} submarine regions at the edges of the continents.

Answer 16

A shifting
B {inclining}傾斜
C forming
D rolling

Decline下降

Question 17

Hydroponics has applications beyond basic research, since it {facilitates使容易幫助} the growing of greenhouse vegetables during winter.

Answer 17

A slows down
B affects
C {makes easier}
D focuses on

Question 18

The {undisputed毫無疑問無可爭辯} pre-Columbian presence in Oceania of the sweet potato, which is a New World domesticate, has sometimes been used to support Heyerdahl’s “American Indians in the Pacific” theories.

Answer 18

A mysterious
B unexpected
C {acknowledged}公認
D significant

Question 19

This ““atmospheric engine”,” invented by Thomas Savery and {vastly巨大龐大} improved by his partner, Thomas Newcomen, embodied revolutionary principles, but it was so slow and wasteful of fuel that it could not be employed outside the coal mines for which it had been designed.

Answer 19

A quickly
B ultimately
C {greatly}
D initially

Question 20

By 1800 more than a thousand steam engines were in use in the British Isles, and Britain {retained保留} a virtual monopoly on steam engine production until the 1830s.

Answer 20

A gained
B established
C profited from
D {maintained}保留

Obtain獲得

Question 21

In 1815 he published the first modern geological map, “A Map of the Strata of England and Wales with a Part of Scotland,” a map so {meticulously細心謹慎} researched that it can still be used today.

Answer 21

A {carefully}
B quickly
C frequently
D obviously

Question 22

Soon it was realized that this principle of faunal (animal) succession was valid not only in England or France but {virtually} everywhere.

Answer 22

A possibly
B absolutely
C surprisingly
D {nearly}

Question 23

Whether people can remember an event depends {critically重要的} on the fit between the way in which they earlier encoded the information and the way in which they later attempt to retrieve it.

Answer 23

A {fundamentally}
B partially
C consistently
D subsequently

Question 24

An {objective客觀目標} of this particular cruise was to investigate the floor of the Mediterranean and to resolve questions about its geologic history.

Answer 24

A achievement
B requirement
C {purpose}
D feature

Question 25

{Turbulent湍流動盪} waters tore into the hardened salt flats, broke them up, and ground them into the pebbles observed in the first sample taken by the Challenger.

Answer 25

A Fresh
B Deep
C {Violent}猛烈的
D Temperate

Question 26

The source of Roman {obsession with著迷} unity and cohesion may well have lain in the pattern of Rome’s early development.

Answer 26

A thinking about
B {fixation on}固戀
C interest in
D attitude toward

Question 27

In turn, a deep attachment to the land, and to the stability which rural life engenders, {fostered養育鼓勵} the Roman virtues: gravitas, a sense of responsibility, pietas, a sense of devotion to family and country, and iustitia, a sense of the natural order.

Answer 27

A accepted
B combined
C introduced
D {encouraged}

Question 28

Once the idea of planting {diffused散播}, Africans began to develop their own crops, such as certain varieties of rice, and they demonstrated a continued receptiveness to new imports.

Answer 28

A emerged
B was understood
C {spread}
D developed

Defuse拆除炸彈

Question 29

Those who knew the secrets of making iron gained {ritual儀式} and sometimes political power.

Answer 29

A military
B physical
C {ceremonial}
D permanent

Question 30

The exact role of other factors is much more difficult to pinpoint: for instance, Teotihuacán’s religious significance as a shrine, the historical situation in and around the Valley of Mexico toward the end of the first millennium B.C., the {ingenuity巧妙足智多謀；獨創性} and foresightedness of Teotihuacán’s elite, and, finally, the impact of natural disasters, such as the volcanic eruptions of the late first millennium B.C.

Answer 30

A ambition
B sincerity
C faith
D {cleverness}

Question 31

The archaeological evidence clearly indicates, though, that Teotihuacán was the center that did arise as the {predominant主要優勢的} force in the area by the first century A.D.

Answer 31

A most aggressive
B most productive
C {principal}首要主要
D earliest

Question 32

It’s hard to understand why they would not be affected, whereas dinosaurs were left too crippled to {cope適應}, especially if, as some scientists believe, dinosaurs were warm-blooded.

Answer 32

A {adapt}
B move
C continue
D compete

Question 33

Critics also point out that the shallow seaways had retreated from and advanced on the continents numerous times during the Mesozoic, so why did the dinosaurs survive the climatic changes associated with the earlier {fluctuations波動變動} but not with this one?

Answer 33

A extremes
B retreats使後退退出
C periods
D {variations}變動變化

Question 34

This route would have enabled humans to enter southern areas of the Americas {prior to在前的更重要} the melting of the continental glaciers.

Answer 34

A {before}
B immediately after
C during
D in spite of

Question 35

Because of the barrier of ice to the east, the Pacific Ocean to the west, and populated areas to the north, there may have been a greater {impetus促進動力} for people to move in a southerly direction.

Answer 35

A chance
B protection
C possibility
D {incentive}刺激動力

Question 36

Wildman and Niles were particularly interested in investigating the conditions under which reflection might {flourish興旺}–a subject on which there is little guidance in the literature.

Answer 36

A continue
B occur
C {succeed}
D apply

Question 37

Wildman and Niles observed that systematic reflection on teaching required a sound ability to understand classroom events in an {objective} manner.

Answer 37

A {unbiased}公正無偏見
B positive
C systematic
D thorough徹底十足

Question 38

These plants {propagate傳播繁殖} by producing spores–tiny fertilized cells that contain all the instructions for making a new plant–but the spore are unprotected by any outer coating and carry no supply of nutrient.

Answer 38

A {multiply}
B emerge
C live
D evolve

Question 39

The function and {status重要地位；身分} of ceramics in China varied from dynasty to dynasty, so they may be utilitarian, burial, trade-collectors’, or even ritual objects, according to their quality and the era in which they were made.

Answer 39

A origin
B {importance}
C quality
D design

Question 40

So admired were these pieces that they encouraged the development of earthenware made in imitation of porcelain and {instigated引起} research into the method of their manufacture.

Answer 40

A improved
B investigated
C narrowed
D {caused}

instigation煽動

Question 41

Just as painted designs on Greek pots may seem today to be purely decorative, {whereas} in fact they were carefully and precisely worked out so that at the time, their meaning was clear, so it is with Chinese pots.

Answer 41

A {while}然而
B previously
C surprisingly
D because

Question 42

Equally {striking引人注目的}, however, is the relative stability of the climate in the past 10,000 years (the Holocene period).

Answer 42

A {noticeable}
B confusing
C true
D unlikely

Question 43

These include the chaotic fluctuations of the atmosphere, the slower but equally {erratic古怪無規律} behavior of the oceans, changes in the land surfaces, and the extent of ice and snow.

Answer 43

A dramatic
B important
C {unpredictable}
D common

Question 44

Thus we need to be able to include these in our {deliberations深思熟慮;商議}.

Answer 44

A records
B {discussions}
C results
D variations

Deliberate深思熟慮商討

Question 45

Some current analyses conclude that volcanoes and solar activity explain quite a considerable amount of the observed variability in the period from the seventeenth to the early twentieth centuries, but that they cannot be {invoked引起喚起} to explain the rapid warming in recent decades.

Answer 45

A demonstrated
B {called upon}
C supported
D expected

Question 46

Members of poor peasant families spun or wove cloth and linens at home for scant remuneration in an attempt to supplement {meager不足粗劣} family income.

Answer 46

A very necessary
B {very low}
C traditional
D primary

Question 47

Moreover an increased credit supply was generated by investments and loans by bankers and wealthy merchants to states and by joint-stock partnerships- {an English innovation} (the first major company began in 1600).

Answer 47

A {a new development introduced by the English}
B an arrangement found only in England
C a type of agreement negotiated in English
D a type of partnership based on English law