TPO Flashcards
account for sth
explain
bulk
[C usually singular] something or someone that is very large 巨大的東西；大塊，大團 She eased her large bulk out of the chair. 她緩緩地將她那龐大的身軀從椅子上挪開。 › [U] large size or mass 大規模；大量 It was a document of surprising bulk. 這是一份篇幅驚人的文件。 in bulk › in large amounts 大量，批量 The office buys paper in bulk to keep down costs. 辦公室大量買進紙張以減少成本。 the bulk of sth › most of something 大部分 In fact, the bulk of the book is taken up with criticizing other works. 事實上，這本書大部分篇幅都是在批評其他作品。 bulk buy › to buy in large amounts 大批購買 Because we're such a large family we find it cheaper to bulk buy foods we eat a lot of. 因為我們是一大家人，我們發現大批量購買消耗量大的食物更便宜。
formalize
to make something official or decide to arrange it according to a fixed structure
使成為正式；使有固定體系；使定形
They started as informal gatherings but they have become increasingly formalized in the last few years.
他們派對起初很隨意，但是在過去幾年裡變得越來越正式。
We need to formalize our initial thoughts about the way to proceed.
我們需要把對行進方式的最初設想正式定下來。
perceive
to come to an opinion about something, or have a belief about something
認為；看待；視為
How do the French perceive the British?
法國人是如何看待英國人的？
Women’s magazines are often perceived to be superficial.
人們往往認為女性雜誌內容膚淺。
occurrence
something that happens
發生的事；事件；遭遇
Street-fights are an everyday occurrence in this area of the city.
在該市的這一地區，街頭鬥毆每天都會發生。
ritual / ritualistic / ritualistically
a set of fixed actions and sometimes words performed regularly, especially as part of a ceremony
例行公事，老規矩；（尤指）儀式
Coffee and the newspaper are part of my morning ritual.
喝咖啡和讀報紙是我早晨必做的事情之一。
The birds were performing a complex mating ritual.
這些鳥在進行程式複雜的交配。
rite
(a usually religious ceremony with) a set of fixed words and actions
宗教儀式；禮節；慣例
funeral/marriage/fertility rites
葬禮／婚禮／祈禱人丁興旺的儀式
You have to go through an initiation rite before you become a full member.
你得完成入會儀式才能成為正式會員。
oral
spoken; not written
口頭的；口述的
an oral agreement/exam
口頭協議／口試
orally adverb
›
This medicine is to be taken orally.
這藥是口服的。
autonomous
independent and having the power to make your own decisions
自治的，有自治權的；自主的，有自主權的
an autonomous region/province/republic/council
efficacious
able to produce the intended result; effective
靈驗的；奏效的；有效的
penchant
a liking for, an enjoyment of, or a habit of doing something, especially something that other people might not like
偏好，傾向，嗜好
a penchant for melodrama/skiing/exotic clothes
偏愛通俗劇／滑雪／奇裝異服
Her penchant for disappearing for days at a time worries her family.
她喜歡不時失蹤幾天，這讓她的家人非常擔心。
objectify
to treat a person like a tool or toy, as if they had no feelings, opinions, or rights of their own:
She denied that the magazine objectified women.
confront
to face, meet or deal with a difficult situation or person
面對，面臨；遭遇；直面，正視
As she left the court, she was confronted by angry crowds who tried to block her way.
她離開法庭時，憤怒的人群試圖攔住她的去路。
It’s an issue we’ll have to confront at some point, no matter how unpleasant it is.
不管它有多討厭，我們終究要面對這個問題。
I thought I would remain calm, but when I was confronted with/by the TV camera, I became very nervous.
我以爲我會保持鎮靜，可是面對電視鏡頭，我卻變得緊張萬分。
whereby
by which way or method
由此，從而；藉以
They’ve set up a plan whereby you can spread the cost over a period.
他們已經制訂了這樣一個計劃，允許在一段時間內分期付款。
We need to devise some sort of system whereby people can liaise with each other.
我們需要設計一套辦法，人們能夠藉以互相保持聯絡。
› not standard in which, or with which
在…的情況下；處於…的位置
It’s put me in a position whereby I can’t afford to take a job.
這使我到了一種連工作也做不了的地步。
quantity
the amount or number of something, especially that can be measured or is fixed
（尤指可測量或確定的）量，數量，分量
Police found a large/small quantity of drugs in his possession.
警方發現他攜帶大/少量的毒品。
We consumed vast quantities of food and drink that night.
那天晚上我們大吃大喝了一頓。
The (sheer) quantity (= large amount) of equipment needed for the trip is staggering.
這次旅行所需的裝備數實在多得驚人。
They are now developing ways to produce the vaccine in large quantities and cheaply.
目前他們正在研究怎樣大量且廉價地生產這種疫苗。
This recipe is only for four, so I usually do double the quantity if I’m cooking for my family.
這食譜的份量只夠4個人吃，所以我在為全家人煮飯時通常會做雙倍的份量。
It’s quality not quantity that really counts.
真正重要的是質量而非數量。
mechanism
a part of a machine, or a set of parts that work together
機械零件；機械裝置
These automatic cameras have a special focusing mechanism.
這些自動相機有特殊的對焦裝置。
presumably
used to say what you think is the likely situation
據推測，大概，可能
They can presumably afford to buy a bigger apartment.
他們大概買得起一間大一點的公寓。
Presumably he just forgot to send the letter.
他可能是忘了寄信。
preamble
[C] specialized an introduction to a speech or piece of writing
序論；導言；開場白
› [U] talk or activity not connected with the most important matter
開場白；（做事的）前奏
anomaly
a person or thing that is different from what is usual, or not in agreement with something else and therefore not satisfactory
異常的人（或事物）；不規則；（同一種類中的）畸形
Statistical anomalies can make it difficult to compare economic data from one year to the next.
統計上的不規範會使年與年之間的經濟數據難以互相比較。
The anomaly of the social security system is that you sometimes have more money without a job.
社會保障制度下的反常現像是，失業有時反而拿錢更多。
presence
[S] when someone or something is in a place
出席，在場；（事物的）存在，出現
She was overawed by the presence of so many people.
這麼多人在場，把她嚇壞了。
The presence of pollen in the atmosphere causes hay fever in some people.
空氣中花粉的存在會使一些人患上花粉熱。
He’s usually quite polite in my presence.
在我面前他通常很有禮貌。
The document was signed in the presence of two witnesses.
這項文件簽署時有兩個證人在場。
› [C usually singular] a feeling that someone is still in a place although they are not there or are dead
冥冥中有人的存在感
His daughter’s presence seemed to fill her empty bedroom.
他女兒仍在的感覺似乎使她的臥室不那麼空蕩蕩的。
› [S] a group of police or soldiers who are watching or controlling a situation
（觀察控制形勢的）一隊員警（或部隊）
The United Nations has maintained a presence in the region for some time.
聯合國派部隊在該地區駐紮已有一段時間。
There was a strong police presence at the demonstration.
在示威現場有大批警力。
› [U] approving a quality that makes people notice or admire you, even when you are not speaking
儀態，風度；氣質
stage presence
颱風
He stood there in the corner of the room, a dark, brooding (= worrying) presence.
他站在屋子的角落裡，神色陰鬱，愁容滿面。
guild
an organization of people who do the same job or have the same interests 同業公會，行會；協會 the Writers' Guild 作家協會 the Fashion Designers' Guild 時裝設計師協會
mercantile
related to trade or business
貿易的；商業的
moral
relating to the standards of good or bad behaviour, fairness, honesty, etc. which each person believes in, rather than to laws
道德的
It’s her moral obligation to tell the police what she knows.
她把所知道的事告訴警方是道義上的責任。
It is not part of a novelist’s job to make a moral judgment.
小說家並不需要作道德上的批判。
She was the only politician to condemn the proposed law on moral grounds (= for moral reasons).
她是唯一一個從道德角度，對提議施行的法律作出譴責的政治家。
The Democrats are attempting to capture the moral high ground (= are trying to appear more honest and good than the other political parties).
民主黨試圖顯出在道義上佔優勢。
undermine
to make someone less confident, less powerful or less likely to succeed, or to make something weaker, often gradually
（常指逐漸地）削弱信心、權威等，損害
The President has accused two cabinet ministers of working secretly to undermine his position/him.
總統指責有兩位內閣部長在暗中算計他。
Criticism just undermines their confidence.
批評只是削弱了他們的信心。
figuratively
in a way which uses words and phrases with a more imaginative meaning than usual
（詞或短語）比喻地
Figuratively speaking, it was a blow right between the eyes (= it was a bad shock).
打個比方說吧，這是正中眉心的一擊。
populous
A populous country, area or place has a lot of people living in it
人口稠密的
China is the world’s most populous country.
