02 Flashcards
gradient
how steep a slope is
a steep/gentle gradient
grand
important and large in degree
She has all kinds of grand ideas.
His job has a grand title, but he’s little more than a clerk.
hamper
to prevent someone doing something easily
Fierce storms have been hampering rescue efforts and there is now little chance of finding more survivors.
haphazard
not having an obvious order or plan
He tackled the problem in a typically haphazard manner.
haunt
to cause repeated suffering or anxiety
Fighting in Vietnam was an experience that would haunt him for the rest of his life.
Thirty years after the fire he is still haunted by images of death and destruction.
hectic
full of activity; very busy and fast
a hectic schedule
The area has become a haven for people tired of the hectic pace of city life.
heed
to pay attention to something, especially advice or a warning
注意，聽從（尤指建議或警告）
The airline has been criticized for failing to heed advice/warnings about lack of safety routines.
heredity
the process by which characteristics are given from a parent to their child through the genes
Diet and exercise can influence a person’s weight, but heredity is also a factor.
heterogeneous
consisting of parts or things that are very different from each other
各種各樣的；混雜的
Switzerland is a heterogeneous confederation of 26 self-governing cantons.
homogeneous
consisting of parts or people which are similar to each other or are of the same type
由同類事物（或人）組成的；同類的；相似的
a homogeneous group/society
The population of the village has remained remarkably homogeneous.
humility
he quality of not being proud because you are conscious of your bad qualities
謙遜；謙恭
He doesn’t have the humility to admit when he’s wrong.
They might be very rich, but it wouldn’t hurt them to show a little humility.
hydrosphere
all of the water, ice and water vapour at or near the surface of the Earth, such as the seas and ice, clouds and the water in and under the ground
hypothesize
to give a possible but not yet proved explanation for something
假設，假定
There’s no point hypothesizing about how the accident happened, since we’ll never really know.
icicle
a long pointed stick of ice that is formed when drops of water freeze
冰柱，冰錐
Icicles hung from the roof.
ideology
a theory, or set of beliefs or principles, especially one on which a political system, party or organization is based
（尤指作為政治體制、政黨或政治組織基礎的）思想（體系），意識形態
socialist/capitalist ideology
The people are caught between two opposing ideologies.
illicit
illegal or disapproved of by society
非法的；違禁的；社會不容許的
illicit drugs such as cocaine and cannabis
the illicit trade in stolen vehicles
an illicit love affair
illiteracy
unable to read and write
In the rural areas, illiteracy is widespread.
A surprising percentage of the population are illiterate.
computer illiterate
對電腦所知甚少的
financially/technologically illiterate
imbibe
to drink, especially alcohol:
Have you been imbibing again?
immense
extremely large in size or degree:
immense wealth/value
They spent an immense amount of time getting the engine into perfect condition.
extremely good:
He’s an immense goalkeeper.
immobilize
to stop something or someone from moving:
You can immobilize the car by removing the spark plugs.
The broken limb must be immobilized as soon as possible.
immunity
a situation in which you are protected against disease or from legal action:
The vaccination gives you immunity against the disease for up to six months.
He was granted immunity from prosecution because he confessed the names of the other spies.
impart
to communicate information to someone:
to impart the bad news
I was rather quiet as I didn’t feel I had much wisdom to impart on the subject.
› to give something a particular feeling, quality, or taste:
Preservatives can impart colour and flavour to a product.
implement
to start using a plan or system:
實施
The changes to the national health system will be implemented next year.
implementation
incentive
something which encourages a person to do something
激勵；刺激；鼓勵
Tax incentives have been very effective in encouraging people to save and invest more of their income.
[+ to infinitive] There is little incentive for people to leave their cars at home when public transport remains so expensive.
Bonus payments provide an incentive to work harder.
incessant
never stopping, especially in an annoying or unpleasant way
連續不斷的，沒完沒了的
incessant rain/noise/complaints
incessantly adverb
She talked incessantly about the most trivial things.
她沒完沒了地講著雞毛蒜皮的小事。
incline
to (make someone) feel something or want to do something
（使）傾向於
The Prime Minister is believed to be inclining towards an April election.
indict
If a law court or a grand jury indicts someone, it accuses them officially of a crime
控告，告發；起訴
UK He was indicted on drug charges at Snaresbrook Crown Court.
US Five people were indicted for making and selling counterfeit currency.
indigenous
naturally existing in a place or country rather than arriving from another place
當地的；本土的，土生土長的
Are there any species of frog indigenous to the area?
這個地區是否有本地品種的青蛙？
So who are the indigenous people of this land?
induce
to persuade someone to do something
誘使；勸說
They induced her to take the job by promising editorial freedom.
他們向她保證有編輯自由，以勸服她接受這項工作。
Nothing could induce me (= I definitely cannot be persuaded) to climb a mountain/ride a bike.
inductive
using a particular set of facts or ideas to form a general principle
歸納法的；歸納的
inductive reasoning
The difference is inductive v deductive approaches to the same cognitive goals.
Inductive research tends to draw sneers from the editors of academic journals.
inexorable
continuing without any possibility of being stopped
不可阻攔的
the inexorable progress of science
inexorably adverb
These events led inexorably to war.
inexorability noun [U]
infant
a baby or a very young child
a newborn infant
infirmary
UK old use a hospital. It is now used mainly in the names of hospitals （尤用於名稱中）醫院 Leeds General Infirmary 裡茲總醫院 the Royal Infirmary
inflict
to force someone to experience something very unpleasant
These new bullets are capable of inflicting massive injuries.
The suffering inflicted on these children was unimaginable.
infringe
to break a rule, law,
They infringed building regulations.
inmate
a person who is kept in a prison or a hospital for people who are mentally ill
Practically, you have to write to an inmate and you have to have an invitation from him or her in writing.
The only white inmate in the penal system, he claims, he has been on trial for almost two years.
In prison he organised the killing of another inmate.
instantaneously
happening immediately, without any delay
an instantaneous response/reply/reaction
spontaneously
happening or done in a natural, often sudden way, without any planning or without being forced
自發的；非籌劃安排的；非勉強的
The liquid spontaneously ignited.
They can bleed spontaneously in their joints during stressful moments.
spontaneous
His jokes seemed spontaneous, but were in fact carefully prepared beforehand.
approving She’s such a spontaneous, lively woman.
spontaneity
The script has a refreshing spontaneity and sparkle.
字跡揮灑自如，別具一格，令人眼前一亮。
interdependence
depending on each other
All living things are interdependent
interpersonal
connected with relationships between people
人際的
The successful applicant will have excellent interpersonal skills.
intramural
happening within or involving the members of one school:
At college she was active in intramural sports.
