TP 1 & 2

Question 1

Aztec & Inca Empires

Answer 1

Early American empires, conquered by Europeans
Largely influenced American culture even after they fell

Question 2

King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella

Answer 2

First king and queen of Spain
Funded Columbus’ voyage
Heavy Roman Catholics; banned every other religion in Spain

Question 3

Exploration motives - Spanish

Answer 3

God - Spanish wanted to spread Roman Catholicism
Gold - Spanish wanted to get rich
Glory - Spanish voyagers wanted to be famous so their voyages would be sponsored more

Question 4

Christopher Columbus

Answer 4

Italian explorer funded by King and Queen Isabella; “discovered” America for the Europeans when looking for a sea route to Asia

Question 5

Columbian Exchange

Answer 5

New crops, materials, and livestock traveled between New and Old Worlds
Disease spread from Old World to New World
No slaves; that was the Atlantic Slave Trade / Middle Passage (after native labor failed)

Question 6

Treaty of Tordesillas

Answer 6

Divided Latin America between Spanish and Portuguese
Disrupted natives living on the land since they were not consulted

Question 7

Encomienda vs Asiento systems

Answer 7

A type of slavery where encomiendas would be given theoretical benefits (protection, religion) in return for their work; treated slaves like objects who belonged to and were sold with the land
vs
People had contracts or licenses to sell slaves directly to the highest bidder

Question 8

Bartolome de las Casas

Answer 8

Fought for rights of natives; basically the first European to see why racism is bad and act upon it

Question 9

Juan Gines de Sepulveda

Answer 9

Argued against Bartolome using racism as his main defense; represents basically every European’s thinking at the time
Paid by Spain to defend their actions towards the natives

Question 10

Valladolid Debate

Answer 10

Bartolome de Las Casas against Juan Gines de Sepulveda; the first European human rights debate ever

Question 11

Exploration motives - French vs English

Answer 11

Set up trading posts, interact and trade kindly with natives (saw benefits of working with natives instead of pulling an English)
vs
Finding a northwest passage, end up using violence to claim native land

Question 12

Chief Powhatan

Answer 12

Father of Pocahontas; united Native American tribes into a single, united tribe (Powhatan Confederation)

Question 13

Pocahontas

Answer 13

Helped English settlers survive and quelled tensions between natives and settlers

Question 14

John Smith