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Poisonous Plants > Toxins + MOAs only > Flashcards

Toxins + MOAs only Flashcards

1
Q

Cycads: sago palm, coontie/arrowroot

A

cycasin – glycoside, liver

BMAA – neurotoxin

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2
Q

Senecio: ragworts, groundsel

A

pyrrolizidine alkaloids – irreversible liver damage w/ hepatocytomegaly

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3
Q

Crotolaria

A

monocrotaline – pyrrolizidine alkaloid

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4
Q

Lantana

A

lantadene – blocks ATPase in biliary system

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5
Q

Bracken fern

A

ptaquiloside – myelosuppression

thiaminase in non-ruminants

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6
Q

Allium spp.

A

sulfur compounds – oxidative damage + hemolytic anemia

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7
Q

Red maple

A

gallic acid – hemolytic anemia

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8
Q

White sweet clover

A

coumarol converted to dicoumarol – inhibits vitamin K epoxide reductase

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9
Q

Moldy corn

A

fumonisin – produced by fusarium spp causing edema

inhibits O2 uptake

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10
Q

Lush pasture

A

3-methylindole – converted from excess tryptophan causing edema + inflammation
(inhibits O2 uptake)

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11
Q

Moldy sweet potatoes

A

4-ipomeanol – produced from potatoes from fusarium spp. causing edema
(inhibits O2 uptake)

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12
Q

Perilla mint

A

perilla ketone – caused edema

inhibits O2 uptake

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13
Q

Johnson grass, lamb’s quarter, dock, pigweed, ragweed

A

nitrite – converted in rumen from excess nitrate inducing oxidation of iron to form methemoglobinemia
(inhibits O2 transport)

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14
Q

Black cherry, elderberry, heavenly bamboo

A

cyanogenic glycosides – cyanide binds + inhibits cytochrome oxidase, blocking ETC + oxidative respiration
(inhibits O2 utilization)

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15
Q

Lilies

A

unknown – renal failure

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16
Q

Pigweed

A

nitrate – induces methemoglobinemia
oxalates – combine with calcium to form CaOx crystals, hypocalcemia, tubular necrosis
unknown renal toxin – perirenal edema

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17
Q

Rhubarb, dieffenbachia/dumb cane

A

oxalates – combine with calcium to form CaOx crystals, hypocalcemia, tubular necrosis

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18
Q

Pokeweed

A

oxalates - combine with calcium to form CaOx crystals, hypocalcemia, tubular necrosis
also: saponins, lectins

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19
Q

Day blooming jessamine

A

1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol – induces massive release of calcium resulting in mineralization + lameness

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20
Q

Oaks

A

tannins – bind proteins, rendering them non-functional

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21
Q

American holly

A

saponins, theobromine

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22
Q

Poinsettia

A

latex irritant sap – induces irritation + allergic reactions

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23
Q

Mistletoe

A

lectins, pharotoxins

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24
Q

Dumb cane, golden pathos

A

oxalates - combines with calcium to form CaOx crystals, hypocalcemia, tubular necrosis
proteolytic enzymes
raphids – intense burning + irritation

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25
Q

Rhododendron, azaleas

A

grayanotoxins – activate sodium channels

26
Q

Castor bean plant

A

ricin – potent toxic resulting vigorous heart contractions, hypotension, hemorrhage

27
Q

Tulips, amaryllis

A

tulapin A + B – alkylate proteins + DNA

28
Q

Sicklepod, partridge pea, coffee senna

A

quinones – inhibits cytochrome oxidase in muscle fibers

29
Q

White snakeroot

A

tremetol/tremetone – cumulative neurotoxin causing trembles

30
Q

Ergot

A

ergot alkaloids – parasitic fungus infecting numerous grasses/grains, mimics oxytocin + biogenic amines

31
Q

Tall fescue

A

ergovaline, ergot alkaloids – often infected with endophyte fungus, mimics oxytocin + biogenic amines

32
Q

Black walnut

A

juglone – quinone, exhibits allelopathy

33
Q

St Johns wort

A

hypericin – primary photosensitizer

34
Q

Hairy vetch, buckwheat, alfalfa

A

primary photosensitizers

35
Q

Prickly/mexican poppy

A

mechanical injury, MOA not mentioned

36
Q

Poison ivy, oak, sumac

A

urushiol – oxidizes to quinone which reacts with proteins to cause allergens

37
Q

Stinging nettle

A

histamine, serotonin, Ach, formic acid

38
Q

Loblolly, ponderosa pines

A

isocupressic acids – causes estrogen drops + decreased uterine blood flow resulting in abortions, RP

39
Q

Subterranean clover

A

phytoestrogens – abortions, infertilty

40
Q

White sweet clover

A

coumarins – abortion

41
Q

Alfalfa, clovers

A

estrogenic isoflavones – abortions

42
Q

Lupine, poison hemlock, tobacco

A

anagyrene – teratogenic alkaloid that paralyzes offspring + causes arthrogryposis

43
Q

False hellebore

A

cyclopamine – teratogenic

44
Q

Foxglove

A

digoxin – cardiac glycoside

45
Q

Lily of the valley

A

convallerin – cardiac glycoside

46
Q

Oleander

A

cardiac glycosides

47
Q

Milkweed

A

galitoxin – neurotoxin

cardenolides – cardiac glycosides

48
Q

Kalanchoe

A

cardenolides + bufadienolides – cardiac glycosides

49
Q

Yew

A

taxine A + B – inhibits cardiac Na + Ca channels

50
Q

Cotton

A

gossypol – chelates iron

51
Q

Cannabis sativa

A

THC – psychotropic

52
Q

Poison hemlock

A

coniine – non-polarizing blocker

53
Q

Water hemlock

A

cicutoxin – similar to strychnine causing violent tetanic seizures

54
Q

Eastern black nightshade

A

solanine – inhibits cholinesterase, teratogenic

atropine

55
Q

Tropical soda apple, jerusalem cherry

A

solanine – inhibits cholinesterase, teratogenic

56
Q

Common horsetail

A

thiaminase

57
Q

Carolina/yellow jasmine

A

alkaloids – glycine receptor agonist acting as a paralytic

58
Q

Jimsonweed

A

atropine + scopolamine (tropane alkaloids) – reversible antagonist of muscarinic Ach receptors

59
Q

Locoweeds

A

swainsonine – alkaloid
miserotoxin – 3-NP
selenium accumulator

60
Q

Creeping indigo

A

3-nitropropionic acid – irreversible inhibitor of mitochondrial succinate dehydrogenase (neuro)
Indospicine – non-protein amino acid causing liver damage + ulcerations

Poisonous Plants (2 decks)

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