Toxins Flashcards
Which poisons cause constricted pupils?
Opioids
Organophosphorous insecticides
Nerve agents
Which poisons cause dilated pupils?
Tricyclic antidepressants
Amfetamines
Cocaine
Antimuscarinic drugs
What are the clinical features of aspirin poisoning?
Tinnitus Nausea Vomiting Hyperventilation Hyperpyrexia Sweating and tachycardia
How is aspirin poisoning managed?
Activated charcoal
Hypokalaemia should be corrected
Haemodialysis for severe salicylate poisoning
What are the clinical features of paracetamol poisoning?
Nausea Vomiting Abdo pain Liver failure 72-96 hours after AKI 3-5 days later
How is paracetamol poisoning managed?
IV N-acetylcysteine (NAC)
What are the common adverse reactions with NAC?
Nausea, vomiting
Anaphylactoid reaction, urticarial rash, angio-oedema, bronchospasm and hypotension
What are the clinical features of TCA poisoning?
Tachycardia Hypotension QRS prolongation on ECG Dilated pupils Convulsions Urinary retention
What is the management for TCA poisoning?
Treat convulsions with diazepam
Sodium bicarbonate for QRS prolongation
What are the clinical features of opioid poisoning?
Depression of respiratory and CNS
Constricted pupils
Hypotension
How is opioid poisoning managed?
IV naloxone repeated at intervals of 2-3 minutes until the effect of the opioid has been reversed
