Bloods

Question 1

What is included in a WBC differential?

Answer 1

Neutrophils: ingest and kill bacterial, fungi and cellular debris
Lymphocytes: produce antibodies for cell-mediated immunity
Eosinophils: role in allergic reactions and defence for parasitic infection
Monocytes: precursor of tissue macrophages
Basophil: release histamine in inflammatory reactions

Question 2

What are neutrophilia differentials?

Answer 2

Bacterial infection 
Inflammatory reactions 
Disseminated malignancy 
Stress e.g surgery, burns 
Myeloproliferative conditions
Corticosteroid therapy

Question 3

What are neutropenia differentials?

Answer 3

Viral infections 
Severe sepsis 
Neutrophil antibodies e.g SLE
Bone marrow failure 
Hypersplenism e.g felty's 
Cytotoxic drugs

Question 4

What is a complete absence of circulating neutrophils?

Answer 4

Agranulocytosis

Side effect of carbimazole

Question 5

What are lymphocytosis differentials?

Answer 5

Viral infections
Chronic infections (TB, hepatitis)
Myeloproliferative conditions

Question 6

What are lymphopenia differentials?

Answer 6

Bone marrow failure
Corticosteroid therapy 
SLE 
Uraemia 
HIV infection 
Cytotoxic drugs

Question 7

What are the symptoms of an acute haemolytic transfusion reaction?

Answer 7

Occur minutes after transfusion 
Fever
Abdo pain 
Chest pain
Agitation 
Hypotension 
Complications: DIC/renal failure

Question 8

How is an acute haemolytic transfusion reaction managed?

Answer 8

Permanent transfusion termination, generous fluid resuscitation with saline solution and inform the lab

Question 9

What are the blood results of hyposplenism?

Answer 9

Howell-jolly bodies and siderocytes

Question 10

What are causes fo hyposplenism?

Answer 10

Splenectomy 
Sickle cell 
coeliac disease, dermatitis herpetiformis
Graves' disease
Systemic lupus erythematosus
Amyloid