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STEP 1: MIcro > Toxins > Flashcards

Toxins Flashcards

1
Q

Clostridium diphtheriae

A

Diphtheria toxin: Inactivates EF-2

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2
Q

Pseudomonas

A

Exotoxin A: inactivates EF-2 (like diphtheria toxin)

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3
Q

Shigella

A

Shiga toxin - inactivates 60S ribosome by removing adenine from rRNA

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4
Q

EHEC

A

Shiga-like toxin: inactivates 60S ribosome by removing adenine from rRNA

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5
Q

What toxins can cause HUS?

A

Shiga and shiga-like toxin (Shigella and EHEC)

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6
Q

ETEC

A

Heat Labile - increases cAMP (increases Cl secretion and causes watery diarrhea)

Heat Stable - increases cGMP (decreases NaCl resorption and causes watery diarrhea)

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7
Q

Anthrax

A

Edema factor: acts like AC and increases cAMP and causes Cl secretion and causes edema associated with anthrax

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8
Q

Cholerae

A

Cholera toxin: permanently activates AC and increases Cl secretion –> watery diarrhea

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9
Q

Bordatella Pertussis

A

Pertussis toxin: Activates AC vi Gi inactivation –> impairs phagocytosis

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10
Q

Tetanus

A

Cleaves SNARE: inhibits GABA and glycine release –> RIGID paralysis (esp. lockjaw)

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11
Q

Botulism

A

Cleaves SNARE: inhibits Ach releas –> FLACCID paralysis

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12
Q

Clostridium perfringens

A

Alpha toxin: phospholipase that degrades tissue –> GAS GANGRENE

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13
Q

Strep pyogenes

A

Streptolysin O: Degrades cell membrane –> lyses RBCs (ASO Abs dxes rheumatic fever)

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14
Q

What two organisms cause toxic shock syndrome? What do these toxins do?

A

S. aureus: TSST-1

Strep pyogenes: exotoxin A

These toxins bind MHC II and b-subunit of TCR and activate all the T cells –> LOTS of IFNy and IL-2 –> SHOCK

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15
Q

All gram- organisms have what toxin? What does it cause?

A

LPS in their outer membrane: causes ENDOTOXIN:

Edema
Nitric oxide
D (DIC/Death)
Outer membrane
Tnf-a
O-antigen (neisseria)
eXtremely heat-stable
IL-1
Neutriophil chemotaxis
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16
Q

What is bacterial transformation?

A

Ability to take up naked DNA in environment

ShiN

17
Q

What is bacterial conjugation?

A

Bacterial “sex” transfer of genetics via pilli

18
Q

What is bacterial transposition?

A

Segments of DNA “jump” from one location to another inside a bacterium

19
Q

What is bacterial transduction?

A

Bacteriophage transfers genetic material from one bacterium to another

20
Q

What cells must undergo transduction to become toxic?

A

ABCDE

shigA-like toxin (EHEC)
Botulinum toxin
Cholera toxin
Diphtheria toxin
Eryhtrogenic toxin of strep pyo

STEP 1: MIcro (5 decks)

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