Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Boards > Toxidromes/Substances > Flashcards

Toxidromes/Substances Flashcards

1
Q

Symptoms of marijuana intoxication?

A

conjunctival injection, cough/phlegm/wheeze, decreased short term memory, decreased coordination, loss of critical judgment, time perception distortion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

effects of LT marijuana use?

A

decreased testosterone, decreased sperm making, decreased glucose tolerance, decreased IOP, antiemetic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

symptoms of tobacco use?

A

chronic cough, phlegm, wheeze, increased Hb/Hct, increased platelet aggregation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

effects of toluene use?

A

perioral eczema, pleasant hallucinations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what test for toluene use?

A

urine for hippuric acid; rapid excretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

effects of gasoline use?

A

perioral eczema, euphoria > violence > coma; pulmonary HTN, RLD, hematuria, rhabdo, peripheral neuropathy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

effects of amyl nitrites / butyl nitrites?

A

euphoria, enhanced music appreciation, h/a, sexual enhancement, syncope, hypoxemia, decreased BP, transient T inversion and depressed ST segments, Met-Hb, increased IOP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

effects of LSD?

A

potent hallucinogen; somatic sx (dizzy, dilated pupils, flushing, fever, tachycardia), perceptual (vision, sensory changes), psychic (psychosis, delusions); can get flashbacks years late; no withdrawal sx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

effects of alcohol?

A

euphoria, groggy, talkative, impaired short term memory, coma/depression; increased GGT and AST, increased amylase and lipase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

effects of inhalants?

A

perioral eczema, euphoria, slurred speech, decreased coordination, dizzy, hypoTN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

effects of dextremethorphan?

A

out-of-body experience, increased HR, increased BP, lethargy, mydriasis, agitation, vomiting; sx last for 3-6 hr

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

effects of psilocybin / mushrooms are the same as which other drug?

A

LSD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

effects of MDMA / ecstasy?

A

euphoria, heightened senses, increased emotions, nausea, bruxism, blurred vision, anxiety, psychotic episodes, tachycardia, HTN, high temp, mydriasis, apnea, low sodium, rhabdo, seizures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

effects of PCP?

A

cramps, diarrhea, hematemesis, euphoria, nystagmus, ataxia, hallucinations; higher doses cause psychosis, verbal abuse; even higher doses cause arrhythmias and seizures; coma does not include respiratory depression; nystagmus, increased reflexes, muscle rigidity, clonus; can have temp instability and seizures; + on UDS for 8 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

effects of cocaine?

A

euphoria, decreased fatiguability, paranoid ideation, possible seizures, stroke, cerebral hemorrhage, pupil dilation, tachycardia, HTN, perforated nasal septum; think about this in young person with MI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

effects of amphetamines?

A

HTN, hyperpyrexia, seizures, agitation, tachycardia, arrhythmias, rhabdo, seizures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

effects of opiates?

A

euphoria, decreased pain, pinpoint pupils, respiratory depression, pulm edema, decreased libido, constipation, delayed gastric empyting, decreased HR and BP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

effects of anabolic steroids?

A

acne, keloids, striae, hirsutism, gynecomastia, testicular atrophy, azoospermia, rage, depression, mania, libido change, hepatitis, increased risk HCC, fluid retention, growth retardation, cholestasic jaundice, ventricular wall mass, increased RBCs, tendon rupture, decreased HDL and increased LDL, breast atrophy, menstrual change, increased muscle mass and strength, arrhythmias; if take orally, urine + for weeks; if take IV, urine + for mo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

effects of benzos?

A

relaxation, drowsy, flu-like sx, paradoxical aggression, anxiety; decreased BP, low tone, nystagmus, ataxia, respiratory depression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

sx of opiate withdrawal?

A

start by 8 hr (yawning seen first > lacrimation, mydriasis, insomnia, goose pimples, diarrhea, HTN); gone by 36 hr

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

sx of benzo withdrawal?

A

diaphoresis, confusion, agitation, psychosis, protracted seizures if abrupt

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

effects of synthetic bath salts? (aka cathinones)

A

stimulation, hallucinogenic effects, diaphoresis, increased HR, HTN, high temp, psychosis, paranoia, scary hallucinations, rhabdo, nosebleeds, ATN, intracerebral hemorrhage, low Na and K, high Mag

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

sx of discontinuation of synthetic bath salts?

A

depression, tremor, paranoia, anxiety

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

effects of barbiturates?

A

nystagmus, range of sedation, high doses cause miosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

false + on UDS from what drugs?

A

NSAIDs can give false + for PCP, cannabinoids, barbs, and benzos; PPIs for cannabis; antidepressants for amphetamines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

sx of anabolic steroid withdrawal?

A

insomnia, suicidal ideation with mood disorders, anorexia, muscle and joint pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

effects of GH when taken by athletes?

A

increased muscle mass, lower body fat, peripheral edema, insulin resistance so increased glucose, cardiomegaly, HTN, joint pain, muscle weakness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

effects of EPO when taken by athletes?

A

increases RBS and O2 carrying capacity; increased risk stroke, MI, PE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

effects of Creatine when taken by athletes?

A

increased muscle strength, cramps, weight gain, renal/liver damage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

2 ingestions that cause most hospitalizations in kids?

A

clonidine and buprenorphine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

causes of miosis?

A

COPS = cholingergics/clonidine, opiates/organophosphamides, PCP/pilocarpine/phenothiazine, sedatives

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

causes of mydriasis?

A

AAS = anticholingergics (atropine), antihistamines, sympathomimetics (LSD, cocaine, amphetamines)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

intoxication causes of skin discoloration?

A

cherry red in CO, cyanosis in Met-Hb, hypoxemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

contraindications for activated charcoal use?

A

CHEMICAL CamP = caustics, hydrocarbons, electrolytes/endoscopy, metals, iron, CN, alcohol, Li, camphor, phos

35
Q

blood gas in salicylate ingestion?

A

respiratory alkalosis (usually), metabolic acidosis

36
Q

treatment for salicylate ingestion?

A

supportive care, activated charcoal if within 1 hr, sodium bicarb for alkalinization

37
Q

anticholinergic toxidrome?

A

dry as a bone, red as a beet, hot as a hare, mad as a hatter, blind as a bat = dilated pupils (sluggish), tachycardia, HTN, urinary retention, hot, delirium, hallucinations, flushed, dry skin

38
Q

anticholinergics that cause the toxidrome?

A

atropine, antihistamines, TCAs (but no pupil dilation and low BP instead), jimson weed, deadly nightshade

39
Q

cholinergic toxidrome for muscarinic effects?

A

DUMBBELS - diarrhea, urination, miosis, bronchorrhea/bronchospasm/bradycardia, emesis, lacrimation, salivation; increased RR, lethargy, sweating, emesis

40
Q

nicotinic effects of cholinergics?

A

weakness, fasciculations, paralysis, respiratory depression, coma, seizure, lethargy

41
Q

cholinergics that cause the toxidrome?

A

insecticides, nicotine

42
Q

clonidine has effects similar to which drug class?

A

opioids

43
Q

sympathomimetic toxidrome?

A

agitation, tremor, hallucinations, seizure, tachycardia, HTN, mydriasis (reactive!), diaphoresis, nystagmus, feelings of grandeur, paranoia, hot

44
Q

sympathomimetics that cause the toxidrome?

A

decongestants, cocaine, amphetamines, psychostimulants

45
Q

toxic metabolite of acteminophen?

A

NAPQI

46
Q

tx of anticholinergic toxicity?

A

physostigmine except if TCA poisoning

47
Q

effects of CCBs? which 2 are most severe?

A

diltiazem and verapamil; low BP, low HR, high glucose; may need IV Ca-gluconate, or Ca-Cl; glucagon not very helpful

48
Q

tx of iron toxicity?

A

chelation with IV deferoxime if mod-severe or >500

49
Q

effects of TCA toxicity?

A

drowsy, lethargy, seizures, coma, tachycardia, low BP, long QRS, R deflection of end of QRS, prolonged QTc, intraventricular conduction delay, convulsions, arrhythmias, acidosis, anticholinergic effects

50
Q

tx of TCA and when?

A

Na bicarb if arrhythmias

51
Q

drugs that can cause serotonin syndrome?

A

SSRIs, MAOIs, ecstasy, linezolid, mepridine, fentanyl, tramadol, demerol, LSD, triptans, St John wort

52
Q

clinical features of serotonin syndrome?

A

fever, confusion, sweating, myoclonus (most specific)

53
Q

tx of serotonin syndrome?

A

supportive; if give benzo and no change, can try cyproheptadine

54
Q

what is NMS?

A

idiosyncratic drug reaction to antipsychotics and related drugs; associated with antimetics

55
Q

clinical features of NMS?

A

hyperthermia, muscle rigidity, confusion, autonomic instability

56
Q

treatment of NMS?

A

supportive; consider bromocriptine, dantrolene, or amantadine - controversial

57
Q

what is a dystonic reaction? how do you treat it?

A

get 2/2 phnothiazines; usually only in 1 major muscle group; give anticholinergic like benztropine or benadryl

58
Q

1 pill can kill insulin secretagogues?

A

glipizide, glyburide

59
Q

sx of metformin ingestion?

A

GI upset, lactic acidosis

60
Q

causes of methemoglobinemia?

A

nitrates, nitrites, cardiac meds, fertilizers, foods, amyl nitrates, aniline dyes, topical anesthetics

61
Q

features of methemoglobinemia?

A

skin discoloration, h/a, syncope, dyspnea, confusion, chest pain, sz, dysrhythmias, coma, acidosis, death

62
Q

when do you suspect CN poisoning? sx? tx?

A

smoke inhalation, nitroprusside; shock, lactic acidosis; give O2 and hydroxycobalamin or Na-thiosulfate

63
Q

alkaline substances?

A

industrial bleach, ammonia, oven and drain cleaners, dish detergents, hair relaxers, lye, laundry detergents

64
Q

acidic substances?

A

toilet cleaner, grout cleaner, rust remover, battery liquid, muriatic acid for pools, metal cleaners

65
Q

types of necrosis in alkaline vs acidic ingestion?

A

alkaline = severe deep liquefaction necrosis; acidic = coagulation necrosis (more superior)

66
Q

hydrocarbon substances with low risk unless inhaled?

A

mineral oil, motor oil, baby oil, suntan oils

67
Q

hydrocarbons with high aspiration risk?

A

mineral spirits, lamp oil, gasoline, kerosene, furniture polish, lighter fluid, turpentine

68
Q

highly toxic hydrocarbons?

A

CHAMP - camphor, halogenated, aromatic, metals (arsenic and mercury), pesticides

69
Q

which ethanol type does not cause HAGMA?

A

isopropyl alcohol

70
Q

sx of methanol ingestion?

A

nonspecific; h/a, malaise, GI discomfort, N/V, snowstorm/blurred vision, photophobia (optic n damage), CNS depression; HAGMA without ketones or lactic acidosis, bicarb <8, high osmolal gap

71
Q

tx of methanol and ethylene glycol intoxication?

A

Na bicarb to decreased end organ penetration of toxic metabolites; preferred antidote is IV fomepizole; give folate to enhance metabolism; add thiamine and pyridoxine and monitor Ca level for EG

72
Q

sx of ethylene glycol ingestion?

A

vomiting, lethargy, slurred speech, AKI, coma, tachypnea, metabolic acidosis, renal failure, hematuria, flank pain; HAGMA without lactic acid or ketones, high osmolal gap

73
Q

how do you confirm dx of organophosphate poisoning?

A

decreased RBC cholinesterase activity

74
Q

antidotes for organophosphates? how do they work?

A

atropine for temporary blocking of muscarinic effects of Ach until bronchospasm resolves/secretions are dry, pralidoxime for hydrolyzing bonds with cholinesterase if given before permanent damage (does not cross BBB)

75
Q

plants that act like digitalis?

A

foxglove, lily of the valley, oleander

76
Q

plants that act like atropine?

A

jimson weed, deadly nightshade

77
Q

plants like CN?

A

pear and apple seeds, peach pits, bitter almonds

78
Q

plants that cause liver toxicity?

A

mushrooms with anatoxin

79
Q

plants that cause mild GI sx?

A

poinsetta, mistletoe, holly

80
Q

benzo antidote?

A

flumazenil

81
Q

Beta block antidote?

A

glucagon

82
Q

Cyanide antidote?

A

amyl nitrite

83
Q

warfarin antidote?

A

vitamin K

Boards (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions