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Development Flashcards

1
Q

2 mo gross motor milestone?

A

lifts head off table to 45 degrees, hands to midline

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2
Q

4 mo gross motor milestones?

A

good head control - lifts to 90 degrees and lifts chest, no head lag, supports w/ wrists while prone, puts everything in mouth, voluntary grasp without release, starting to roll over (front to back)

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3
Q

6 mo gross motor milestones?

A

sits in tripod, at 5 mo can roll over back to front, transfers objects hand-hand

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4
Q

6 mo fine motor milestone?

A

rakes small objects

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5
Q

6 mo speech milestone?

A

starts to babble

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6
Q

2-4 mo speech milestone?

A

starts to coo at 2 mo, squeals around 4 mo

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7
Q

2-4 mo social milestone?

A

smiles around 6 weeks, laughs around 4 mo, mirror smiles around 4-5 mo

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8
Q

6 mo social milestone?

A

starts to have stranger anxiety

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9
Q

6 mo self-help milestones?

A

starts to drink from cup

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10
Q

sitting progression?

A

tripod at 6 mo, alone at 7 mo

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11
Q

crawl to walking timeframe?

A

crawls around 8 mo, pulls to stand at 9 mo, cruises around 10 mo, few steps at 12 mo, walks well at 15 mo, walks backward around 16 mo

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12
Q

12 mo fine motor milestone?

A

fine pincer grasp, starts to scribble,

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13
Q

9 mo speech/social milestone?

A

waves bye bye; understands ‘no’, orienting to name, mama indiscriminately around 8 mo, object permanence, play pat-a-cake

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14
Q

15 mo gross motor milestones?

A

starts to take stairs, 3-4 cube tower, climbs furniture

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15
Q

12 mo speech/social milestones?

A

one clear word, usu mama/dada; offers toy to adult by 11 mo, symbolic play

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16
Q

2 yo self-help milestone?

A

starts to undress self

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17
Q

2 yo gross motor milestone?

A

throws ball overhand, kicks ball, 6 block tower

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18
Q

2 yo speech milestones?

A

2 word phrases, 50% understandable by stranger, 50+ words

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19
Q

2 yo social milestone?

A

parallel play, uses pronouns, empathy, follows 2 step commands

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20
Q

3 yo fine motor milestone?

A

copies circle, does buttons

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21
Q

4 yo fine motor milestone?

A

copies square and cross, uses fork

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22
Q

3 yo speech milestones?

A

3 word phrases, what and who questions, plurals, 75% understandable, knows 300 words

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23
Q

3 yo social milestones?

A

group play, asks why, knows 3 things about themselves (age, sex, name), fantasy play, dresses self

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24
Q

4 yo social milestones?

A

cooperative play

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25
Q

4-5 yo gross motor milestones?

A

4 - hops, jumps, throws ball overhand, makes 5 block gate, balances on one foot for 6-10 seconds; 5 - skips

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26
Q

5 yo fine motor milestones?

A

copies triangle, prints first name, cuts with scissors

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27
Q

5 yo self help/social milestones?

A

uses silverware well, follows rules, fantasy vs reality

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28
Q

2 mo vision?

A

fixes and follows, tracks 180 degrees

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29
Q

9 mo gross motor milestones?

A

bangs 2 cubes, pokes objects with index finger, pulls to stand

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30
Q

15 mo social/speech milestones?

A

understands 50-100 words, points to 1 body part, spoon and cup used independently, 1 step commands

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31
Q

15 mo fine motor milestone?

A

scribbles spontaneously

32
Q

18 mo speech milestones?

A

10-50 words, simple commands

33
Q

18 mo social milestones?

A

points to 4 body parts; points to self; uses spoon well; understands ‘mine’

34
Q

18 mo gross motor milestones?

A

throws ball underhand while standing, runs well, goes down stairs, tower of 4 cubes

35
Q

2 yo fine motor milestones?

A

imitates lines, draws 2 parallel lines, circular strokes

36
Q

3 yo gross motor milestones?

A

rides tricycle, builds 3 block bridge, balance on 1 foot for 2-3 sec

37
Q

4 yo speech milestones?

A

knows 5-6 colors, 100% understood by strangers, paragraphs, tenses, gender

38
Q

When is hand dominance a red flag?

A

<18 mo

39
Q

How long do we correct for prematurity?

A

until 18-24 mo

40
Q

Echolalia red flag age?

A

after 30 mo

41
Q

6 social development red flags?

A
  1. no smile by 6 mo, 2. no reciprocal vocalizations by 9 mo, 3. no babbling/gestures or don’t respond to name by 12 mo, 4. no pointing or single words by 15 mo, 5. no pretend play or gesture with single word combo by 18 mo, 6. no 2 word meaningful phrase by 2 yo
42
Q

name the 10 primitive reflexes

A
  1. palmar grasp, 2. moro, 3. parachute, 4. rooting, 5. stepping, 6. sucking, 7. babinski, 8. crossed adductor, 9. asymmetric tonic neck, 10. toe grasp
43
Q

when do these primitive reflexes disappear? palmar grasp, toe grasp, rooting, stepping, sucking, moro

A

palmar gone by 2-3 mo, toe grasp gone by 8-15 mo, rooting/stepping/sucking/moro gone by 3-4 mo

44
Q

which 5 primitive reflexes are gone by 3-4 mo?

A

palmar (2-3 mo), rooting, stepping, sucking, Moro

45
Q

when do these primitive reflexes disappear? parachute, crossed adductor, babinski, asym tonic neck

A

parachute by 6-9 mo, crossed adductor by 7 mo, babinski by 9-12 mo, asym tonic neck by 2 wks-6mo

46
Q

when does a baby build a tower of 2 blocks?

A

13-15 mo

47
Q

8 block tower at what age?

A

30 mo

48
Q

6 yo motor milestones?

A

tie shoes, draw diamond

49
Q

stairs progression?

A

up and down stairs with 2 feet by 2 yo, up and down stairs with 1 foot by 3 yo

50
Q

5 yo speech milestones?

A

define simple words, knowledge questions

51
Q

6 yo speech milestones?

A

operational thinking, reads by word recognition, repeats complex sentences

52
Q

average head circumference at birth?

A

35 cm (33-37)

53
Q

head circumference growth pattern?

A

increases by 10 cm in first year, 2-3 cm in 2nd year, then 5-6 for rest of childhood; estimate about 0.5 cm/week from 0-2 mo

54
Q

which growth curves to use at which age?

A

WHO for 0-2 yo, then CDC

55
Q

Weight pattern after birth?

A

back to birth weight by 2 weeks; doubles by 4 mo, triples by 12 mo, x4 by 2 yo; average gain of 5 lb/year until teens

56
Q

average birth weight at term?

A

3.32 kg

57
Q

average birth length at term?

A

20” or 50.8 cm

58
Q

length pattern after birth?

A

increases by half by 1 yo, doubles by 4 yo, triples by 13 yo; increases by 2”/year from 2 yo to teens

59
Q

average weight estimate calculator for 1-6 yo?

A

(age x 5) + 17

60
Q

average weight estimate calculator for 7-12 yo?

A

(age x 7) + 5

61
Q

caloric needs per day for: premies, CHF

A

premies 105-130 kcal/kg/day, CHF 140 kcal/kg/day

62
Q

average weight gain goals for <1 yo?

A

0-3 mo: 1 oz/day (30 g/day), 3-6 mo: 1 oz/2 days (15 g/day), 6-12 mo 1 oz/3 days (10 g/day)

63
Q

male med parental height equation?

A

[(mom+5”) + dad] / 2 - if cm, 13

64
Q

female med parental height equation?

A

[(dad-5”) + mom] / 2

65
Q

which populations have special growth curves?

A

T21, premies, achondroplasia, noonan, williams, turners

66
Q

first teeth to erupt? when?

A

lower central incisors, 6-10 mo; upper 8-12 mo

67
Q

first teeth to fall out? when?

A

central incisors, 6-7 yo

68
Q

first permanent teeth to erupt? when?

A

lower central incisors 6-7 yr OR first permanent molars around 6 yo; uppers 7-8 yrs

69
Q

when do third molars erupt?

A

17-21 years for both upper and lower

70
Q

order and age of shapes that can be drawn?

A

scribbles at 15-18 mo, vertical and circular strokes at 2 yo, circle at 3 yo, cross at 3-4 yo, square at 4 yo, triangle at 5 yo, diamond at 6 yo

71
Q

when does separation anxiety peak?

A

13-15 mo

72
Q

when does mature cube grasp develop?

A

9-12 mo

73
Q

what’s the 7+4 rule for teeth development?

A

usually first teeth come at 7 mo, then add 4: 4 teeth by 11 mo, 8 teeth by 15 mo, 12 teeth by 19 mo, 16 teeth by 23 mo, 20 teeth by 27 mo

74
Q

when does nonnutritive sucking usually end on its own?

A

by 4 yo;

75
Q

quick way to calculate how old a kid is based on their drawing of a person?

A

3 + (# body parts drawn / 4)

76
Q

what are the 3 equilibrium/balance reflexes and when do they develop?

A

1) parachute reflex - 8-9 mo; symmetric extremity extension when “free falling” in ventral position
2) head righting - 4 mo; keeps head vertical despite body tilt
3) lateral propping - can reach out an arm in response to falling from seated position

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