Toxicology Part II Flashcards
1
Q
- Signs and symptoms
A. Dizziness, coughing, sneezing, tinnitus, hallucinations/delusions, ataxia, confusion, aggression, seizures - Management
A. DO NOT agitate, remove from offensive environment, initiate aggressive oxygen (15 L/min NRB; intubate if indicated), initiate IV access, transport - Aliphatic hydrocarbons - CAUTION: airway irritators, CNS depressants, AVOID catecholamines (epi and dopamine), consider beta blockers
A
Volatile solvents
2
Q
- Signs and symptoms
A. Confusion, dizziness, nausea/vomiting, open sores around mouth and/or nose, ataxia, irritable, aggressive - Management
A. DO NOT agitate, remove from offensive environment, initiate aggressive oxygen (15 L/min NRB; intubate if indicated), initiate IV access, transport
A
Aerosols
3
Q
- Signs and symptoms
A. Flushed face, cool skin, hypotension, tachycardia, nausea/vomiting, dizziness, relaxation of vessel tone, slowed perception of time - Management
A. Oxygen - 15 L/min NRB, IV access, transport
A
Anesthetics
4
Q
- Effects
A. Increased heart rate, vomiting, agitation, confusion, hallucinations, anxiety, paranoia, increased blood pressure - Withdrawal symptoms
A. Headache, anxiety, depression, irritability - Management - supportive, manage airway
A
K2
5
Q
- Effects
A. Risk of HIV, hepatitis/other infectious diseases from shared needles, death - Signs and symptoms
A. Increased heart rate and blood pressure, euphoria, increased sociability and sex drive, paranoia, agitation, hallucinations, violent behavior, sweating, nausea/vomiting, insomnia, irritability, dizziness, depression, panic attacks, reduced motor control, cloudy thinking - Management - supportive
A
Bath salts
6
Q
- Effects - in rare cases associated with heavy use
A. Psychotic reactions: fear, anxiety, grandiose delusions (fantastical beliefs of superior qualities such as fame, power, wealth), hallucinations, paranoia - Signs and symptoms
A. Euphoria, increased alertness and arousal, HTN, tachycardia, depression, paranoia, headaches, loss of appetite, insomnia, fine tremors, loss of short-term memory, gastrointestinal disorders, increased risk of MI - Management - supportive
A
Khat
7
Q
What is the alcohol CAGE questionnaire?
A
Cut down - have you ever felt the need to cut down on your drinking?
Annoyed - have you ever felt annoyed by criticism of your drinking?
Guilty - have you ever had guilty feelings about drinking?
Eye opener - have you ever taken a drink first thing in the morning as an eye opener?
8
Q
What are the physical presentations of alcohol abuse?
A
- Atrophy of temporal and shoulder muscle and testes
- “Spider” and “paper-money” skin
- Sparse body hair, gynomastia
- Enlarged liver and spleen
- Distended abdomen (ascites) and abdominal veins
- Increased xiphoid-umbilical distance
- Edema to ankles, jaundice, and palmar erythema
9
Q
What is the treatment for alcohol abuse?
A
- Establish and maintain the airway
- Determine if other drugs are involved
- Establish IV access - lactated ringer’s or normal saline
- Consider medications - thiamine and D10W
10
Q
- Signs and symptoms
A. Coarse tremor of hands, tongue, eyelids; nausea, vomiting, general weakness, anxiety; tachycardia, sweating, HTN, hallucinations, irritability, or depressed mood, poor sleep; increased sympathetic tone, orthostatic hypotension
A
Withdrawal syndrome (delirium tremens)
11
Q
- Used to discourage drinking in alcoholics
- Creates blurred vision, chest pain, confusion, dizziness or fainting, fast or pounding heartbeat, flushing or redness of face, increased sweating, nausea and vomiting, troubled breathing, weakness
- Symptoms last as long as alcohol is in system (30 min to several hours)
- On rare occasions, severe reactions cause heart attack, unconsciousness, convulsions, death
- Treatment is supportive - maintain ventilation, treat seizures
A
Antibuse reaction
