Toxicology I Flashcards
What are most poisons produced by?
medication
What type of medications produce the greets number of poisons?
OTC analgesics
What do street drugs rank on the poisons list?
10th
What are the most common non-medication toxicities from?
household cleaning products
Are people actually worried more about lower risks than higher ones?
yes
What are the 2 main goals of toxicology?
- protection of humans and the environment2. development of better selective toxicants.
What was paracelsus major statement in terms of toxicology?
All substances are poison, there is none which is not a poison. The right dose differentiates a poison from a remedy.[1. tried to experiment with toxins2. tried to distinguish dose ranges3. requested that active ingredients be extracted to have better and stronger effect]
Is poison a quantatative or qualitative concept?
Quant.
What is the most lethal toxin?
Botulinus Toxin
What is the most lethal manmade toxin?
TCDD dioxin
How many children die each year of unintentional poisoning? leading cause of death?
More than 45,000 (5-17 age) 5th leading cause of injury death
How man unintentional poisoning deaths in the US. in 2014
36,28011.6 per 100,000
T-F–trends of deaths by poison has been falling? motor vehicle accidents?
FalseTrue
When does rates of poisoning deaths jump up according to age?
late teens, 20drops off at 60highest at 50
Poisoning in young children <5 is most likely caused by what? 2nd cause? 3rd?
Parents medications (over half)CosmeticsCleaning supplies
How many of adolescent poisonings are intentional, either as a suicide or substance abuse?
Over half
In adults what poisons far outnumber street drugs?
prescriptions
What is the percentage of unintentional poisoning in hospitals by drugs?
79%
What is risk in terms of toxicology?
The probability or likelihood of adverse effects occurring
Is smoke plum or alcohol exposure voluntary? under own control? known risks? common risks? immediate adverse effects? consequences reversible?
1.alcohol2. alcohol3. Alcohol4. Alcohol5. Alcohol but both can be or not be6. Alcohol, but both can be or not be.
IS poisoning a growing problem?
Yes
What is the 3 step approach to risk prevention?
- Hazrd Identification and analysis2. Risk Assessment3. Risk Management
T-F- inhalation exposure is easy to avoid?
False
4 key air pollutants?
CO, SOx, NOx, Ozone
Air pollution is a risk factor for what 2 things?
cardiac death and pulmonary conditions
How many US people live in areas with pollutant concentrations deemed unsafe?
1/3
What two air pollutants are asphyxiants?
COcyanide
What air pollutants are irritants?
SO2NO2SMOG-OZONE, aldehydes, particles, hydrocarbons
What are the 6 criteria pollutants?
COSO2NO2OZonePMLead
Where does SOx come from?
fossil fuel power plants»>industry