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4 Pharm Unit > Antivirals > Flashcards

Antivirals Flashcards

1
Q

acyclovir

A
  • alpha (HSV 1,2) herpes antivirals (nucleoside analog)
  • PRO-DRUG activated by viral thymidine kinase and incorporated into elongating DNA chain leading to termination
  • elevate some HIV NRTIs (tenofovir). resistance with long term use in immunosuppressed (all nucleoside analogs)
  • HSV 1 and 2, VZV in immunocompromised pts, prophylaxis in BMT, HSV encephalitis
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2
Q

cidofovir

A
  • Alpha, Beta, Gamma herpes (nucleoside analog)
  • cytosine derivative->converted to active ANP-diphosphates by cellular kinases (does not need virus thymidine kinase) and act as competitive inhibitors of viral DNA polymerase. may act as chain terminators as well.
  • resistance after long term treatment in immunosuppressed pts
  • thymidine kinase negative or thymidine kinase altered HSV strains, CMV
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3
Q

famciclovir

A
  • alpha herpes antivirals (nucleoside analog)
  • diacetyl ester prodrug of peniclovir (acyclic guanine derivative w/ 3’ OH group) causes chain termination
  • resistance after long term treatment in immunosuppressed
  • HSV 1 and 2
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4
Q

valacyclovir

A
  • alpha (HSV 1,2) herpes antivirals
  • PRO-DRUG activated by viral thymidine kinase and incorporated into elongating DNA chain leading to termination (nucleoside analog)
  • elevate some HIV NRTIs (tenofovir)
  • HSV 1 and 2, VZV in immunocompromised pts, prophylaxis in BMT, HSV encephalitis
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5
Q

foscarnet

A

-Alpha, Beta and Gamma herpes antivirals (non-nucleoside analogs)
-phosphonoformate analog of pyrophosphate (non-competitive inhibitor of HSV DNA polymerase)
-
-HSV 1 and 2, CMV

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6
Q

docosanol

A
  • alpha herpes antivirals (non-nucleoside analogs)
  • saturated fatty alcohol
  • mixed evidence of efficacy
  • topical cream for HSV 1 and 2
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7
Q

gangciclovir

A
  • Beta and Gamma herpes antivirals (nucleoside analog)
  • hydroxymethylated derivative of acyclovir phosphorylated by a virally encoded protein kinase
  • granulocytopenia, thrombocytopenia
  • life threatening CMV, retinitis in immunocompromised patients
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8
Q

fomivirsen

A

-Beta and Gamma herpes antivirals (antisense RNA)
-“antisense RNA against CMV” is all that is mentioned in notes
-
-CMV retinitis in immunocompromised patients (only used in the eye)

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9
Q

amantadine

A
  • Influenza antivirals (viral uncoating inhibitor)
  • block acidification of virion by binding M2 protein
  • administration must occur within 48 hours of symptoms
  • influenza A only (also anti-parkinsonian drug)
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10
Q

oseltamivir

A

-Influenza antivirals (neuraminidase inhibitor)
-ORAL-blocks release of virions from the surface of infected cells
-
-influenza A and B

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11
Q

zanamivir

A

-influenza antivirals (neuraminidase inhibitor)
-aerosol- blocks the release of virions from the surface of infected cells
-
-influenza A and B

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12
Q

lamivudine

A
  • Hepatitis B antivirals (NRT inhibitor)
  • nucleoside analog reverse transcriptase inhibitor
  • well tolerated but virus acquires resistance
  • HBV
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13
Q

simeprevir

A
  • Hep C antivirals (2nd generation protease inhibitor)
  • Oral- inhibits NS3/4 (serine protease)
  • interacts with many HIV drugs, rapid resistance if used alone
  • genotype I only of Hepatitis C, use with ribavirin and IFN alpha 2a
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14
Q

sofosbuvir

A

-Hep C antivirals (nucleoside inhibitor)
-Oral-nucleoside inhibitor targets NS5B
-
-Hep C (close to 100% clearance of chronic infection when used with protease inhibitors)

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15
Q

enfuvirtide

A
  • HIV antiviral- entry inhibitor
  • C peptide mimi- binds gp41–> stops fusion
  • expensive and local inflammation!
  • HIV
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16
Q

maraviroc

A

-HIV antiviral- entry inhibitor
-small molecular inhibitor-binds CCR5, enhances CD4 T cell counts
-
-HIV (in trials as a microbicide too)

17
Q

abacavir

A

-HIV antiviral- NRT inhibitor
-guanosine analog- lacks 3’OH-terminates chain
-
-HIV

18
Q

emtricitabine

A

-HIV antiviral- NRT inhibitor
- cytosine analog- lacks 3’OH- terminates chain
-
-HIV

19
Q

lamivudine

A

-HIV antiviral- NRT inhibitor
-cytosine analog- lacks 3’OH- terminates chain
-
-HIV

20
Q

tenofovir

A
  • HIV antiviral- NtRT inhibitor-
  • adenosine analog- lacks 3’OH- terminates chain
  • competes with kidney tubule secretion
  • HIV
21
Q

efavirenz

A

-HIV antiviral- NNRT inhibitors
-binds RT allosteric site- hydrophobic pocket- near catalytic domain- decreases mobility
-
-HIV

22
Q

nevirapine

A

-HIV antiviral- NNRT inhibitors
-binds RT allosteric site- hydrophobic pocket- near catalytic domain- decreases mobility
-
-HIV

23
Q

dolutegravir

A

-HIV antiviral- integrase inhibitor
- blocks integrate activity of joining viral DNA 3’ ends to cell DNA
-
-HIV

24
Q

ritonavir

A
  • HIV antiviral- protease inhibitor
  • natural peptidic substrates of the HIV-1 protease and bind to the active site
  • Numerous- lipodystrophy- central adipose tissue- blocks CYP3A4
  • HIV
25
Q

saquinavir

A
  • HIV antiviral- protease inhibitor
  • natural peptidic substrates of the HIV-1 protease and bind to the active site
  • Numerous- lipodystrophy- central adipose tissue
  • HIV
26
Q

palivizumab

A
  • ## RSV antiviral- entry inhibitor-
    -
27
Q

ribavirin

A
  • ## Mixed used broad spectrum-
    -
28
Q

pegylated interferon alpha

A

-
-

4 Pharm Unit (7 decks)

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