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First Aid & Emergency Medicine > Toxicology emergencies > Flashcards

Toxicology emergencies Flashcards

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Royal College: Emergency Medicine flashcards
1
Q

What is included in the initial assessment of someone who has had a toxic exposure?

A

ABC’s!

  • patent airway
  • breathing?
  • do they have a pulse

Identify the toxin and length of exposure time

Contact poison control and medical direction according to local policy

Complete appropriate physical exams

Monitor vital signs closely

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2
Q

Upon admittance to the hospital, what therapy is commonly given right away?

A

IV therapy

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3
Q

What two methods do you NOT want to recommend in a person who has ingested a toxin?

A

Vomit

Give a cathartic

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4
Q

What is the antidote to Acetomenophine?

A

N- acetylcystein NAC

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5
Q

Heavy metal toxicity is usually due to what kind of exposure?

A

occupational.

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6
Q

What is the antidote to Amphetamines/ cocaine?

A

Benzodiazepines

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7
Q

What is the antidote for aspiring overdose?

A

alkalization of urine with IV sodium bicarb, hemodialysis

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8
Q

What is the antidote for benzodiazepine overdose?

A

Flumazenil

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9
Q

What is the antidote for Beta- blockers?

A

Glucagon, IV calcium, ventricular pacing

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10
Q

What is the antidote for calcium channel blockers?

A

Glucagon, IV calcium, ventricular pacing

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11
Q

What is the antidote for carbon monoxide?

A

100% oxygen, hyperbaric oxygen

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12
Q

What is the antidote for ethylene glycol (anti-freeze)?

A

ethanol, hemodialysis

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13
Q

What is the antidote for Warfarin (Coumadin)?

A

Vitamin K

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14
Q

What is the antidote for Heparin?

A

Protamine sulfate

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15
Q

What is the antidote for insulin, oral hypoglycemic agents?

A

Glucagon, IV glucose

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16
Q

What is the antidote for Narcotic overdose?

A

Nalaxone (not to be confused with Naltrexone)

17
Q

What is the antidote for organophosphates (cholinergic)

A

Atropine

18
Q

What do you give is a patient is going through intense alcohol withdrawal with seizures?

A

alcohol

19
Q

What is added to the IV therapy if the person is a suspect alcoholic?

A

thiamine

20
Q

What is included in the management of ingested toxins

A
  • Do NOT induce vomiting
  • Contact poison control
  • Prevent aspiration
  • Administer fluids and drugs
    • use of D50W (Glucose), Naloxone, and thiamine
21
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of carbon monoxide poisoning? (4)

A
  • Headache
  • Nausea and vomiting
  • Confusion or other altered mental status
  • Tachypnea
22
Q

Syndromes seen as a consequence of specific toxins may be referred to as what?

A

toxidromes

23
Q

What are the symptoms or organophosphate overdose?

A
  • Sweating
  • Constricted pupils
  • lacrimation
  • excessive salivation
  • wheezing
  • cramps
  • vomiting
  • diarrhea
  • tenesmus,
  • bradycardia or tachycardia
  • hypotension or hypertension
  • blurred vision
  • Striated muscle: cramps, weakness, twitching, paralysis, respiratory failure, cyanosis
  • Sympathetic ganglia: tachycardia, elevated blood pressure
  • CNS effects: anxiety, restlessness, ataxia, seizures, insomnia, coma, absent reflexes,

First Aid & Emergency Medicine (10 decks)

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