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First Aid & Emergency Medicine > Ocular conditions > Flashcards

Ocular conditions Flashcards

1
Q

What to you want to make sure you document for EVERY patient who presents with an ocular complaint?

A

Visual Acuity

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2
Q

Subconjunctival hemorrhages caused by _________ between the ___________ and the __________ (which two layers?)

A

bleeding, conjunctive, sclera

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3
Q

What are some potential causes of subconjuctival hemorrhages?

A
  • trauma
  • spontaneous
  • secondary to serious illness (bleeding disorder, hypertension, febrile infections)
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4
Q

True or False: Subconjunctival hemorrhages are typically very painful and require immediate treatment.

A

False: The hemorrhages are typically asymptomatic and do not require any treatment.

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5
Q

The use of what medication should be discouraged in patients with recurrent subconjunctival hemorrhages? 2

A

Aspirin and NSAIDs

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6
Q

What is the most common virus responsible for viral conjunctivitis?

A

adenovirus

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7
Q

True or false: The quality of eye discharge indicates whether conjunctivitis is viral, allergic, or bacterial.

A

False: discharge does not indicate the types. Rather consider patient’s history.

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8
Q

True or false: conjunctivitis is generally a painless condition.

A

True. There may an itching or sandy sensation. I f it is very painful, consider a different dx.

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9
Q

What is the treatment for conjunctivitis?

A
  • start with teabag treatment (chamomile is good)
  • prescribe an antibiotic eyedropper and tell them to pick it up if symptoms worsen.
  • irrigate the eye to reduce the count of virus or bacteria
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10
Q

What is a hordeolum? Where is it usually located?

A

A stye. Found at the lid margin. resolves on its own.

hot compresses

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11
Q

What is a chalazion located compared to a hordeolum?

A

Mor internal

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12
Q

What is a chalazion?

A

Granulomas of either the Meibomian gland or the Zeis gland.

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13
Q

How do you treat a chalazion?

A

warm compress

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14
Q

What are floaters?

A

Bits of protein moving across the visual field in the aqueous humor

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15
Q

If patient has no history of floaters and then all of the sudden has A LOT of floaters, this may be what condition?

A

Retinal detachment

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16
Q

What is used to visual a corneal abrasion

A

blue light with fluorescent die.

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17
Q

What are treatment option for a corneal abrasions?

A

Apply ointment, pt closes eyes, they wear an eye patch.

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18
Q

What is the most common cause of corneal ulcer?

A

extended use of contact lenses.

19
Q

Is a corneal ulcer a medical emergency

A

Yes, because it can progress to vision loss.

20
Q

How do corneal ulcers appear?

A

white or grey spots on the cornea that may be visual with the naked eye.

21
Q

What is a PE findings for a cataract?

A

No red reflex

22
Q

What is the most common cause of blindness?

A

Cataract?

23
Q

What population of people have a greater chance of developing cataracts? ( I don’t mean elderly)

A

Diabetics

24
Q

What are symptoms of acute angle-closure glaucoma? (7)

A
  • Severe eye pain
  • headache
  • nausea/vomiting
  • vision changes
  • blurred vision with halos around objects and loss of vision
  • conjunctival injection
  • no dilation of pupil, nonreactive
25
Q

What causes acute angle-closure glaucoma?

A

There is elevates intraocular pressure due to an obstruction to outflow from the anterior chamber

26
Q

What are the symptoms of Temporal arteritis? (4)

A
  • Headache
  • scalp tenderness
  • jaw claudication (pain in the jaw associated with chewing)
  • reduce visual acuity
27
Q

What is temporal arteritis?

A

Inflammatory disease of blood vessels most commonly involving large and medium arteries of the head

28
Q

What condition is temporal arteritis often associated with?

A

Polymyalgia rheumatica

29
Q

What is retrobulbar hematoma caused by?

A
  • facial trauma
  • complication or orbital surgery
  • retrobulbar injection
30
Q

What are signs of retrobulbar hematoma?

A
  • painful proptosis (profusion of eyeball)
  • decreased visual acuity
  • occasionally scintillating scotomas
  • lid ecchymosis
  • chmosis
  • mydriasis (pupil dilation)
31
Q

Treatment of retrobulbar hematoma?

A

Patient needs and eye shield!

32
Q

What is a hyphema?

A

Blood pooling in the anterior chamber of the eye.

33
Q

What are some causes of hyphema?

A
  • usually due to trauma

- people with bleeding disorders

34
Q

What is the characteristic sign of Central retinal artery occlusion?

A

Cherry red spot over the macula!!!!

35
Q

What is the common cause of central retinal artery occlusion?

A

Embolism

36
Q

What is the main symptoms of central retinal artery occlusion?

A

Sudden, painless loss of vision

37
Q

What is the characteristic sign of central retinal vein occlusion?

A

Bood and thunder appearance.

38
Q

What are the main symptoms of central retinal VEIN occlusion?

A

Marked changes in visual acuity

Pain

39
Q

What are symptoms a pt may report with retinal detachment?

A

Flashes of light, lots of floaters, a curtain or a shadow moving over their field of vision. Peripheral or central vision loss

No pain

40
Q

What is seen in an ophthalmoscopic exam with a retinal detachment

A

Pale area of the retina

41
Q

What are symptoms a pt may report with virtuous hemorrhage?

A

Hazy vision
Photophobia
Shadows, floaters, smoke signals, cobwebs or lines int eh visual field - complaints are more noticeable with eye movements.

42
Q

What is seen in an eye exam with vitrious hemorrhage?

A

blood in the vitreous gel. Range from orange to whitish yellow.

43
Q

What condition is seen as dendritic figures with fluorescien die?

A

Herpes simplex, Herpes zoster

First Aid & Emergency Medicine (10 decks)

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