Toxicology

Question 1

Mx of antifreeze (ethylene glycol) poisoning

Answer 1

• fomeprizole (1st line)
• ethanol
• haemodialysis if refractory

Question 2

What is ethylene glycol otherwise known as?

Answer 2

antifreeze

Question 3

What is antifreeze otherwise known as?

Answer 3

ethylene glycol

Question 4

Mx of LMWH overdose

Answer 4

protamine sulphate (only partially reverses)

Question 5

Mx of heparin overdose

Answer 5

protamine sulphate

Question 6

Reversal agent for dabigatran

Answer 6

idarucizumab

Question 7

Mx of paracetamol OD

Answer 7

• activated charcoal if ingested < 1 hour ago
• N-acetylcysteine (NAC)
• liver transplantation

Question 8

Mx of salicylate (aspirin, NSAIDs) OD

Answer 8

• haemodialysis

- rarely, urinary alkalinization

Question 9

Mx of benzo OD

Answer 9

flumazenil if severe/iatrogenic, otherwise supportive care (risk of seizures with flumazenil)

Question 10

Mx of TCA OD

Answer 10

IV bicarbonate

Question 11

Mx of Lithium OD

Answer 11

• mild-mod: volume resus
• severe: haemodialysis
• sometimes sodium bicarb

Question 12

Mx of beta blocker OD

Answer 12

• atropine (if bradycardic)

- glucagon (if resistant)

Question 13

Mx of methanol poisoning

Answer 13

• fomeprizole
• ethanol
• haemodialysis

Question 14

Mx of organophosphate poisoning

Answer 14

atropine

Question 15

Mx of digoxin toxicity

Answer 15

digoxin-specific antibody fragments

Question 16

Mx of iron toxicity

Answer 16

desferrioxamine (iron chelating agent)

Question 17

Mx of lead toxicity

Answer 17

• dimercaprol

- caldium edetate

Question 18

Mx of CO poisoning

Answer 18

• 100% O2

- hyperbaric O2

Question 19

Mx of cyanide poisoning

Answer 19

• hydroxycobalamin

- combination of amyl nitrite + sodium nitrite + sodium thiosulfate

Question 20

Mx of anticholinergic OD

Answer 20

physostigmine (+ IV fluids, benzos for agitation, etc.)