toxicology

Question 1

common causes of excitation

Answer 1

Anticholinergic, sympathomimetic, central hallucinogenic agents, drug withdrawal states

Question 2

common causes of depression

Answer 2

Ethanol, other sedative-hypnotic agents, opiates, cholinergic (parasympathomimetic) agents, sympatholytics, toxic alcohols

Question 3

Common Findings: AMS, mydriasis (dilated pupils), dry flushed skin, urinary retention, decreased bowel sounds, hyperthermia, dry mucous membranes

Answer 3

anticholinergics

Agents such as Benadryl, Scopolamine, Atropine, Jimsonweed, Belladonna, prochlorperazine, ipratropium

Question 4

how to tx anticholinergic OD

Answer 4

physostigmine

Question 5

Although Cherry Red skin/mucous membranes are often associated

Answer 5

CO

Question 6

nicotinic cholinergic effects

Answer 6

Miosis
Tachycardia
Weakness
Hyperglycemia, Hypertension
Fasciculations

Question 7

muscarinic effects

Answer 7

S
L
U
D
G
E

Question 8

how to tx cholinergic OD

Answer 8

atropine

Question 9

12-24hours: cardiopulmonary effects predominate: elevated heart rate, respiratory rate, and blood pressure, congestive heart failure, respiratory distress syndrome, and circulatory collapse
24-72 hours renal effects; flank pain, CVA tenderness, acute tubular necrosis,

Answer 9

ethylene glycol poison

tx with fomepizole

Question 10

acetaminopeh antidote

Answer 10

n-acetyl cysteine

Question 11

almond aroma think

Answer 11

cyanide

Question 12

rotten eggs aroma think

Answer 12

hydrogen sulfide

Question 13

metabolic acidosis with anion gap

MUDPILES

Answer 13

Methanol, Metformin
Uremia
DKA, ETOH, starvation ketoacidosis
Paraldehyde, Phenformin, Propylene glycol
Iron, INH
Lactic acidosis
Ethanol, Ethylene glycol
Salicylates, Solvents