Toxicology Flashcards
Branch of pharmacology that encompasses the deletrious effects of chemicals on biologic systems
Toxicology
Area of toxicology that deals with the effects of agents found in the environment
Environmental Toxicology
Area of toxicology that deals with the toxic effects of chemicals found in the workplace
Occupational Toxicology
What is the most common air pollutant?
Carbon Monoxide (50%) Sulfur Oxides (18%)
What is the treatment for Carbon Monoxide Poisoning?
Removal of the souce of CO and 100% oxygen in a Hyperbaric chamber
Treatment for organophosphate poisoning.
Atropine + Pralidoxime
This is a bipyridyl herbicide used extensively to kill weeds on farms and for highway maintenance
Paraquat
What is the most common effect of Polychlrinated Biphenyls?
Dermatototoxicty (Acne, erythema, folliculitis and hyperkeratosis)
Most common signs of toxicity of Dioxins?
Dermatitis and Chloracne (Cystic Acneiform lesions)
What cancer is caused by Asbestos?
Mesothelioma
What is the treatment for Chronic Inorganic Lead Poisoning (Plumbism)?
EDTA +- Dimercaprol
Oral Succimer for outpatients
What is the characteristic sign of Chronic Inorganic Lead Poisoning?
Wrist-drop (Peripheral Neuropathy)
What is the treatment for Organic Lead Poisoning?
Succimer
These are characteristic transverse bands in the nails of patients with Chronic Arsenic Poisoning
Mee’s Lines
Whhat is the characteristic change in the skin of patients with Chronic Arsenic Poisoning?
Mil and Roses Complexion (raindrop hyperpigmentation)
What is the treatment for Chronic Arsenic Poisoning?
Dimercaprol
What is the treatment for Acute Inorganic Mercury Poisoning?
Oral succimer or IM Dimercaprol
What is the treatment for Chronic Inorganic Mercury Poisoning?
Succimer and Unithiol
Why is dimercaprol not used in Chronic Inroganic Mercury Poisoning?
Because it may redistribute mercury to the CNS
What is the classic presentation of Organic Mercury Poisoning?
Miramata Disease (Cerbral Palsy, Deafness, Blindness and Mental Retardation)
What is the treatment for Iron Poisoning?
Deferoxamine
What is the treatment for copper poisoning and Wilson’s Disease?
Penicillamine
Used in acute severe arsenic poisining and acute severe mercury poisoning and lead poisoning
Unithiol
What are the drugs that cause Drug-Induced Lupus?
It's HIPP to have lupus. H - Hydralazine I - Isoniazid P - Procainamide P - Penicillamine
What is the treatment for Sedative-Hypnotic Poisoning?
For Benzodiazipine Overdose -> Flumazenil
For Barbiturate Overdoses -> Supportive
What are the signs and symptoms of Aspirin poisoning?
CHAFS C - Coma H - Hyperventilation A - Acidosis (HAGMA) F - Fever S - Seizure
What are the signs and symptoms of Antimuscarinic Poisoning?
HOT as a hare (hyperthermia) DRY as a bone RED as a beet BLIND as a bat (Mydriasis) MAD as a hatter (delirium and hallucinations)
What is the treatment for Opioid Overdose?
Naloxone
What are the signs and symptoms of Opioid overdose?
PCR
P - Pupillary Constriction
C - Comatose state
R - Respiratory Depression
What are the signs and symptoms of TCA overdose?
3 C’s
Coma
Convulsions
Cardiotoxicity
What is the treatment ffor TCA overdose?
Sodium Bicarbonate
What is the antidote for Acetaminophen?
Acetylceysteine
What is the antidote for Cholinesterase Inhibitors?
Atropine
Antidote for quinidine and TCA’s?
Bicarbonate
What is the antidote for Fluoride and CCBs?
Calcium
What is the antidote for Digoxin Toxicity?
Digibind
What is the antidote for Caffeine, Theophylline and sympathomimetic toxicity?
Esmolol
What is the antidote for methanol and ethylene glyccol poisoning?
Fomepizole
What is the antidote for Beta blockers?
Glucagon
What is the antidote for heparin?
Protamine Sulfate
What is the antidote for Warfarin?
Vitamin K / FFP
