Toxicology Flashcards
Risk analysis
Involves identifying hazards and evaluating their associated risk
BPAs found in
Baby bottles,sipping cups,reusable water bottles,microwaveable dishes,juice boxes
Risk Assessment
The process of using statistical methods to estimate how much harm a particular hazard can cause to human health or to the environment
Risk Management
Involves deciding whether or how to reduce a particular risk to a certain level and at what cost
We can reduce incident of infectious diseases by
Increase research Education Reduce poverty Decrease malnutrition Improve the quantity of water Reduce unnecessary use of antibiotics Immunize children
PCBs
Oily liquids or solids can enter the air as a vapor
Examples: paints,fabrics,adhesives
Hormone blockers
Prevent natural hormones from lining up with their receptors
Basic principle
Any synthetic or natural chemical can be harmful if ingested in a large enough quantity.It depends on the dose
Chemicals such as PCBs and DDT
Are not easily broken down
People tend to think that natural chemicals are safe and synthetic chemicals such as Mercury are deadly
This is not true
Animals higher on the food chain are more susceptible to the effects of fat solvable toxins this is due to
Biological magnification
Acute effect
Immediate or rapid harmful reaction ranging from dizziness to nausea to death
Chronic Effect
Permanent or long lasting consequence
Infants are susceptible for 3 reasons
Generally breath more air drink water and eat more
Exposed to toxins in dirt and soil when they put objects in their mouths
Have a less developed immune system and body detoxifying system
Other testing besides rat and mice
Computer simulations
Using tissue culture of cells and bacteria using chicken egg membranes and using individual cells
Greatest risks
Poverty,lifestyle, gender
Biological Hazard
Essentially a pathogen which is an organism that can cause disease in another organism
Natural Hazard
Earthquakes,fire,floods,storm
Chemical hazard
When harmful toxins are present in air,water,soil,food,and man made products
Lifestyle choice hazard
Smoking,poor food choice, excessive amounts of alcohol and unsafe sex
Teberculosis
Extremely contagious bacterial infection of the lungs
________ in every _____are infected with TB and ___in every ____of them will become sick with active TB
1,3,1,10
Largest killer
2nd largest
3rd largest
Influenza/flu virus
HIV/AIDS
Hepatitis B
