TOXICOLOGY

Question 1

Study of exogenous clinical compounds that profoundly influence bodily functions, either in a deleterious way or therapeutic benefits

Answer 1

Toxicology

Question 2

Branch of science which deals with the study of the effect of drugs on biologic systems

Answer 2

Pharmacology

Question 3

Strength of binding between a drug and its
receptor.

Answer 3

Affinity

Question 4

The degree to which a drug is able to induce maximal effects.

Answer 4

Efficacy

Question 5

Two drugs combined — the sum will be greater than their individual effects.
➢ Ex. drugs for severe pain

Answer 5

Synergism

Question 6

One drug will contra-indicate the other drug

Answer 6

Antagonism

Question 7

Amount of drug which induces a specified clinical
effects in 50% of subject given the drug

Answer 7

Effective concentration/Dose 50% (EC/ED 50)

Question 8

Dose that would predict death in 50% of the
population

Answer 8

Lethal Dose (LD 50)

Question 9

➢ Measure the safety of a drug
➢ LD 50 divided by ED 50

Answer 9

Therapeutic index

Question 10

Margin between therapeutic and lethal doses of a
drug

Answer 10

Margin of safety

Question 11

Ability of the drug to cause birth defect

Answer 11

Teratogenecity

Question 12

ability of the drug to change DNA components

Answer 12

Mutagenecity

Question 13

The amount (dose) of a chemical which produces
death in 50% of population of test animals to which it is administered by any of a variety of methods

Answer 13

Median Lethal Dose (LD50)

Question 14

The concentration of a chemical in an environment (air or water) w/c produces death in 50% of an exposed population of test animals in specified time frame

Answer 14

Median lethal concentration (LC50)

Question 15

Received regular maintenance doses of the drug for about five half-lives of the drug

Answer 15

Steady state concentration

Question 16

➢ Just before the next drug
➢ Orally

Answer 16

Trough or predose

Question 17

Analysis, assessment, & evaluation of circulating
concentrations of drugs in serum, plasma or whole blood.

Answer 17

TDM

Question 18

TDM

cannot be used because it can absorb the toxins leading to false negative result

Answer 18

Gel separator

Question 19

Used to treat congestive heart failure and cardiac arrhythmias

Answer 19

Cardiotropics

Question 20

Act on the conduction system of cardiac muscle

Answer 20

Cardiotropics

Question 21

It Slow down electrical conduction

Answer 21

Cardiotropics

Question 22

Cardio drug Class I:

Example of class I

Answer 22

Rapid sodium blocker

Quinidine, lidocaine

Question 23

Cardio drug Class II:

Example of class II

Answer 23

Beta-adrenergic blocker

Propranolol

Question 24

Cardio drug Class III:

Example of class III

Answer 24

Potassium channel blocker

Amiodarone

Question 25

Cardio drug Class IV: Example of class IV

Answer 25

Calcium channel blocker Verapamil

Question 26

➢ Inhibits membrane Na+ - +*-A TPase ➢ Decreases K+ and Mg* and increases Ca+

Answer 26

Digoxin

Question 27

➢ Slower onset of action (1-4 hours) ➢ Active metabolite: digoxin

Answer 27

Digitoxin

Question 28

➢ Local anesthetic ➢ Acute control and prevention of ventricular arrhythmias after MI (Myocardial infarction)

Answer 28

Lidocaine

Question 29

Toxicity of lidocaine:

Answer 29

Convulsions, coma, respiratory depression, bradycardia (decreased heartbeat), hypotension

Question 30

Antagonizes effects of epinephrine

Answer 30

Propanol

Question 31

Vasodilator (relaxation) ■ Angina pectoris, hypertension

Answer 31

Propanol

Question 32

Medication for reticular arrhythmias

Answer 32

Quinidine

Question 33

A toxicity of quinidine characterized by vertigo, tinnitus, headache, visual disturbances and disorientation

Answer 33

Cinchonism

Question 34

Formation of quinidine

Answer 34

Quinidine sulphate and quinidine gluconate

Question 35

Toxicity is characterized by Reversible lupus-like syndrome w/ elevated ANA titers, urticaria, rash, agranulocytosis and nephrotic syndrome

Answer 35

Procainamide

Question 36

➢ For G(+) cocci and bacilli infection ➢ Administered by IV infusion ➢ Trough levels are monitored

Answer 36

Vancomycin

Question 37

➢ Toxic effects ■ Red man syndrome, nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity

Answer 37

Vancomycin

Question 38

Characterized by erythematous flushing of the extremities.

Answer 38

Red man syndrome

Question 39

Toxicity of phenobarbital characterized by involuntary repetitive movement of the eye

Answer 39

Nystagmus

Question 40

Metabolites of primidone.

Answer 40

Phenobarbital and phenylethylmalonamide

Question 41

Controls seizures & a short-term prophylactic agent in brain injury

Answer 41

Phenytoin

Question 42

Major toxicity of phenytoin.

Answer 42

Initiation of seizures

Question 43

Other toxic effects of phenytoin.

Answer 43

Hirsutism, gingival hyperplasia, Vit. D & folate deficiency

Question 44

Enhance the activity of GABA- mediated inhibitory system

Answer 44

Valproic acid

Question 45

Most common CNS depressant.

Answer 45

Alcohol

Question 46

Hepatic dysfunction of valproic acid.

Answer 46

Hyperammonemia

Question 47

Used when measuring alcohol in blood as a sanitation tool.

Answer 47

Benzalkoniumchloride

Question 48

Treatment of various seizure disorders and trigeminal neuralgia

Answer 48

Carbamazepine

Question 49

Tic douloureux:

Answer 49

Chronic pain