Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

CC2 > TOXICOLOGY > Flashcards

TOXICOLOGY Flashcards

1
Q

Study of exogenous clinical compounds that profoundly influence bodily functions, either in a deleterious way or therapeutic benefits

A

Toxicology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Branch of science which deals with the study of the effect of drugs on biologic systems

A

Pharmacology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Strength of binding between a drug and its
receptor.

A

Affinity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The degree to which a drug is able to induce maximal effects.

A

Efficacy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Two drugs combined — the sum will be greater than their individual effects.
➢ Ex. drugs for severe pain

A

Synergism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

One drug will contra-indicate the other drug

A

Antagonism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Amount of drug which induces a specified clinical
effects in 50% of subject given the drug

A

Effective concentration/Dose 50% (EC/ED 50)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Dose that would predict death in 50% of the
population

A

Lethal Dose (LD 50)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

➢ Measure the safety of a drug
➢ LD 50 divided by ED 50

A

Therapeutic index

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Margin between therapeutic and lethal doses of a
drug

A

Margin of safety

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Ability of the drug to cause birth defect

A

Teratogenecity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

ability of the drug to change DNA components

A

Mutagenecity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

The amount (dose) of a chemical which produces
death in 50% of population of test animals to which it is administered by any of a variety of methods

A

Median Lethal Dose (LD50)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The concentration of a chemical in an environment (air or water) w/c produces death in 50% of an exposed population of test animals in specified time frame

A

Median lethal concentration (LC50)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Received regular maintenance doses of the drug for about five half-lives of the drug

A

Steady state concentration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

➢ Just before the next drug
➢ Orally

A

Trough or predose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Analysis, assessment, & evaluation of circulating
concentrations of drugs in serum, plasma or whole blood.

A

TDM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

TDM

cannot be used because it can absorb the toxins leading to false negative result

A

Gel separator

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Used to treat congestive heart failure and cardiac arrhythmias

A

Cardiotropics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Act on the conduction system of cardiac muscle

A

Cardiotropics

21
Q

It Slow down electrical conduction

A

Cardiotropics

22
Q

Cardio drug Class I:

Example of class I

A

Rapid sodium blocker

Quinidine, lidocaine

23
Q

Cardio drug Class II:

Example of class II

A

Beta-adrenergic blocker

Propranolol

24
Q

Cardio drug Class III:

Example of class III

A

Potassium channel blocker

Amiodarone

25
Q

Cardio drug Class IV:

Example of class IV

A

Calcium channel blocker

Verapamil

26
Q

➢ Inhibits membrane Na+ - +-A TPase
➢ Decreases K+ and Mg and increases Ca+

A

Digoxin

27
Q

➢ Slower onset of action (1-4 hours)
➢ Active metabolite: digoxin

A

Digitoxin

28
Q

➢ Local anesthetic
➢ Acute control and prevention of ventricular
arrhythmias after MI (Myocardial infarction)

A

Lidocaine

29
Q

Toxicity of lidocaine:

A

Convulsions, coma, respiratory depression, bradycardia (decreased heartbeat), hypotension

30
Q

Antagonizes effects of epinephrine

A

Propanol

31
Q

Vasodilator (relaxation)
■ Angina pectoris, hypertension

A

Propanol

32
Q

Medication for reticular arrhythmias

A

Quinidine

33
Q

A toxicity of quinidine characterized by vertigo, tinnitus, headache, visual disturbances and disorientation

A

Cinchonism

34
Q

Formation of quinidine

A

Quinidine sulphate and quinidine gluconate

35
Q

Toxicity is characterized by Reversible lupus-like syndrome w/ elevated ANA titers, urticaria, rash, agranulocytosis and nephrotic syndrome

A

Procainamide

36
Q

➢ For G(+) cocci and bacilli infection
➢ Administered by IV infusion
➢ Trough levels are monitored

A

Vancomycin

37
Q

➢ Toxic effects
■ Red man syndrome, nephrotoxicity and
ototoxicity

A

Vancomycin

38
Q

Characterized by erythematous flushing of the
extremities.

A

Red man syndrome

39
Q

Toxicity of phenobarbital characterized by involuntary repetitive movement of the eye

A

Nystagmus

40
Q

Metabolites of primidone.

A

Phenobarbital and phenylethylmalonamide

41
Q

Controls seizures & a short-term prophylactic agent in brain injury

A

Phenytoin

42
Q

Major toxicity of phenytoin.

A

Initiation of seizures

43
Q

Other toxic effects of phenytoin.

A

Hirsutism, gingival hyperplasia, Vit. D & folate
deficiency

44
Q

Enhance the activity of GABA- mediated inhibitory system

A

Valproic acid

45
Q

Most common CNS depressant.

A

Alcohol

46
Q

Hepatic dysfunction of valproic acid.

A

Hyperammonemia

47
Q

Used when measuring alcohol in blood as a sanitation tool.

A

Benzalkoniumchloride

48
Q

Treatment of various seizure disorders and trigeminal neuralgia

A

Carbamazepine

49
Q

Tic douloureux:

A

Chronic pain

CC2 (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions