TOXI (2), THYROID

Question 1

Principle of TSH ELISA test.

Answer 1

solid phase enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay

Question 2

TSH ELISA Solid phase immobilization.

Answer 2

Mouse monoclonal Anti-TSH antibody

Question 3

Content of TSH ELISA antibody-enzyme conjugated solution.

Answer 3

Goat anti-TSH antibody

Question 4

Enzyme used in ELISA.

Answer 4

Horseradish peroxidase

Question 5

TMB reagent produces what color?

Answer 5

Blue color development

Question 6

The conc of TSH is directly proportional to what

Answer 6

Color intensity

Question 7

How much detector reagent is used in TSH ELISA?

Answer 7

150 uL

Question 8

How much serum sample is used in TSH ELISA?

Answer 8

10 uL

Question 9

How many sample is diffused in the cartridge in TSH ELISA?

Answer 9

75 uL

Question 10

Incubation period of TSH ELISA.

Answer 10

12 min at RT

Question 11

Regulatory influences of thyroid gland.

Answer 11

growth, differentiation, cellular metabolism, and general hormonal balance, as well as on the maintenance of metabolic activity and development of the skeletal and organ system

Question 12

T3 and T4 is bound to what?

Answer 12

Thyroxine binding globulin

Question 13

The concentration is lesser but the metabolic potency is much greater.

Answer 13

Triiodothyronine (t3)

Question 14

T3 measurement has uncovered a variant of

Answer 14

Hyperthyroidism in thyrotoxic patients with elevated t3 but normal t4

Question 15

T3 measurement is useful in monitoring

Answer 15

patients under treatment for hyperthyroidism and those who have discontinued anti-thyroid drug therapy.

Question 16

What is valuable in distinguishing between euthyroid and hyperthyroid subjects?

Answer 16

Triiodothyronine

Question 17

In women, when are t3 levels elevated?

Answer 17

Pregnancy, estrogen treatment, and contraceptive hormone therapy

Question 18

What is the second antibody in T3 ELISA?

Answer 18

Goat anti-mouse IgG

Question 19

What is added in the microtiter wells in T3 ELISA?

Answer 19

amount of patient serum, a certain amount of mouse monoclonal anti-T3 antibody and a constant amount of T3 conjugated with horseradish peroxidase

Question 20

Where is mouse anti t3 antibody bound in the microtiter wells?

Answer 20

Antibody

Question 21

Who competes for the limited binding sites of the anti-T3 antibody?

Answer 21

T3 & conjugated T3

Question 22

The —— formed is proportional to the amount of —— and is inversely related to the amount of —— in the sample

Answer 22

Intensity of the color, enzyme present, unlabeled T3

Question 23

How much detector reagent is used in t3 ELISA?

Answer 23

300 uL

Question 24

How many sample is used in t3 ELISA?

Answer 24

75uL

Question 25

How long should you incubate the serum diluent mixture of t3?

Answer 25

8 minutes at RT

Question 26

What is the temperature of the analyzer during the incubation of t3 cartridge?

Answer 26

25 C

Question 27

How much diluent is used in the measurement of t4?

Answer 27

200 uL

Question 28

Expected values of t4.

Answer 28

60-120 mmoL/L

Question 29

Expected values of T3.

Answer 29

1.24-3.09 mmol/L or 0.8 — 2.01 ng/mL

Question 30

Where is T4 stored?

Answer 30

Thyroid gland

Question 31

What released T4 in the bloodstream?

Answer 31

Proteolytic cleavage of follicular thyroglobulin

Question 32

Greater than 99% of T4 is reversibly bound to three plasma proteins in blood:

Answer 32

thyroxine binding globulin (TBG) binds 70%; thyroxine binding pre-albumin (TBPA) binds 20%; and albumin binds 10%

Question 33

How much t4 is free and unbound in the blood at any one time?

Answer 33

0.03%

Question 34

Clinical significance of increased T4

Answer 34

hyperthyroidism due to Grave’s disease and Plummer’s disease and in acute and subacute thyroiditis.

Question 35

Low levels of t4 is seen in

Answer 35

congenital hypothyroidism, myxedema, chronic thyroiditis (Hashimoto’s disease), and with some genetic abnormalities.

Question 36

In T4, what is coated in microtiter well?

Answer 36

Anti-T4 antibody

Question 37

Carbamazepine is chemically related to

Answer 37

Imipramine

Question 38

Used in the treatment of bronchial asthma & other COPD

Answer 38

Theophylline

Question 39

Inhibits cyclooxygenase pathway ( thromboxane & prostaglandin formation)

Answer 39

Aspirin

Question 40

Method for testing for aspirin toxicity.

Answer 40

Tinder assay

Question 41

Metabolites of paracetamol

Answer 41

glucuronide and sulfate conjugates

Question 42

Reference method for paracetamol toxicity.

Answer 42

HPLC

Question 43

Drug of choice for maintenance of kidney, liver, heart and heart-lung allografts

Answer 43

Cyclosporine

Question 44

Currently used in transplant surgery to prevent organ rejection

Answer 44

Tacrolimus

Question 45

Active form of mycophenolate mofetil.

Answer 45

mycophenolic acid (MPA)

Question 46

A lymphocyte proliferation inhibitor

Answer 46

Mycophenolate mofetil

Question 47

It decreases renal allograft rejection

Answer 47

Mycophenolate mofetil

Question 48

● Inhibits lymphocyte proliferation ● For treatment of rheumatoid arthritis

Answer 48

Leflunomide

Question 49

For treatment of manic depression

Answer 49

Lithium salts

Question 50

● For a variety of neoplastic conditions; immunosuppressive agent ● Inhibits DNA synthesis in all cells, by blocking dihydrofolate reductase

Answer 50

Methotrexate

Question 51

Toxic effects ➢ Leucopenia, GI ulceration, thrombocytopenia, cirrhosis, etc.

Answer 51

Methotrexate

Question 52

Treatment of leukemias and lymphomas prior to BM transplantation

Answer 52

Busulfan

Question 53

Used in the treatment of myelocytic leukemias

Answer 53

Busulfan

Question 54

Depresses granulocyte formation

Answer 54

Busulfan

Question 55

● Most common substance of abuse ● Sedative-hypnotic and depressant

Answer 55

Ethanol

Question 56

Toxic metabolite of ethanol

Answer 56

Acetaldehyde

Question 57

Detection limit of ethanol.

Answer 57

12 hours

Question 58

Fatal dose of ethanol.

Answer 58

300-400 mL of pure ethanol

Question 59

Detection limit of ethanol

Answer 59

12 hours

Question 60

If more than 400 mL of ethanol is consumed

Answer 60

Hemodialysis

Question 61

Ingestion of methylated spirits or methanol-containing antifreeze

Answer 61

Methanol

Question 62

Formaldehyde

Answer 62

Methanol

Question 63

Toxic metabolite of methanol and where is it formed.

Answer 63

Formic acid, liver

Question 64

Ocular toxicity and metabolic acidosis

Answer 64

Methanol

Question 65

Assay of choice for methanol toxicity.

Answer 65

Gas chromatography - Mass spectrophotometry

Question 66

Enzyme that turns ethylene glycol to glycolic acid.

Answer 66

Hepatic alcohol dehydrogenase

Question 67

correlates with symptomatology & mortality.

Answer 67

Glycolic acid

Question 68

Used in car radiator antifreeze

Answer 68

Ethylene glycol

Question 69

Disposition of calcium in renal tubules.

Answer 69

Ethylene glycol

Question 70

Measures serum ethylene glycol and glycolic acid

Answer 70

HPLC

Question 71

Treatment of ethylene glycol toxicity.

Answer 71

Ethanol therapy

Question 72

Antidote of isopropyl alcohol.

Answer 72

Activated charcoal

Question 73

Fatal dose of isopropyl alcohol.

Answer 73

250 mL

Question 74

Symptoms of toxicity of isopropyl alcohol.

Answer 74

CNS depression and hypertension

Question 75

Clues to diagnosis of isopropyl alcohol toxicity.

Answer 75

Acetonuria, acetonemia

Question 76

Binds to hemoglobin to form CARBOXYHEMOGLOBIN leading to Tissue hypoxia

Answer 76

Carbon monoxide

Question 77

Strong clue of CO poisoning

Answer 77

Cherry red color of the face

Question 78

Principal symptom of CO poisoning

Answer 78

Dyspnea

Question 79

Toxic level of CO.

Answer 79

20%

Question 80

Treatment for CO

Answer 80

Pure oxygen therapy

Question 81

Binds avidly to ferric ion

Answer 81

Cyanide

Question 82

Bind to Cytochrome A3 (inhibits ETC)

Answer 82

Cyanide

Question 83

Clue of cyanide poisoning

Answer 83

Odor of bitter almonds

Question 84

Antidote of cyanide poisoning

Answer 84

Sodium thiosulfate, sodium nitrite

Question 85

Fast acting and super toxic toxin.

Answer 85

Cyanide

Question 86

● Ant poisons, rodenticides, weed killers, insecticides ● Interact w/ enzyme -SH groups disrupts multiple metabolic systems

Answer 86

Arsenic

Question 87

Acute fatal dose of arsenic in liquid and gas form

Answer 87

120 mg, 30 ppm

Question 88

“Odor of garlic" and metallic taste

Answer 88

Arsenic

Question 89

Specimen for measuring short term exposure to arsenic and what method is used?

Answer 89

Blood and urine, AAS

Question 90

Specimen for measuring long term exposure to arsenic and what method is used?

Answer 90

Hair and nails, Ion Emission Spectroscopy