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CC2 > TOXI (2), THYROID > Flashcards

TOXI (2), THYROID Flashcards

1
Q

Principle of TSH ELISA test.

A

solid phase enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay

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2
Q

TSH ELISA Solid phase immobilization.

A

Mouse monoclonal Anti-TSH antibody

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3
Q

Content of TSH ELISA antibody-enzyme conjugated solution.

A

Goat anti-TSH antibody

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4
Q

Enzyme used in ELISA.

A

Horseradish peroxidase

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5
Q

TMB reagent produces what color?

A

Blue color development

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6
Q

The conc of TSH is directly proportional to what

A

Color intensity

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7
Q

How much detector reagent is used in TSH ELISA?

A

150 uL

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8
Q

How much serum sample is used in TSH ELISA?

A

10 uL

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9
Q

How many sample is diffused in the cartridge in TSH ELISA?

A

75 uL

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10
Q

Incubation period of TSH ELISA.

A

12 min at RT

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11
Q

Regulatory influences of thyroid gland.

A

growth, differentiation, cellular metabolism, and general hormonal balance, as well as on the maintenance of metabolic activity and development of the skeletal and organ system

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12
Q

T3 and T4 is bound to what?

A

Thyroxine binding globulin

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13
Q

The concentration is lesser but the metabolic potency is much greater.

A

Triiodothyronine (t3)

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14
Q

T3 measurement has uncovered a variant of

A

Hyperthyroidism in thyrotoxic patients with elevated t3 but normal t4

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15
Q

T3 measurement is useful in monitoring

A

patients under treatment for hyperthyroidism and those who have discontinued anti-thyroid drug therapy.

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16
Q

What is valuable in distinguishing between euthyroid and hyperthyroid subjects?

A

Triiodothyronine

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17
Q

In women, when are t3 levels elevated?

A

Pregnancy, estrogen treatment, and contraceptive hormone therapy

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18
Q

What is the second antibody in T3 ELISA?

A

Goat anti-mouse IgG

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19
Q

What is added in the microtiter wells in T3 ELISA?

A

amount of patient serum, a certain amount of mouse monoclonal anti-T3 antibody and a constant amount of T3 conjugated with horseradish peroxidase

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20
Q

Where is mouse anti t3 antibody bound in the microtiter wells?

A

Antibody

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21
Q

Who competes for the limited binding sites of the anti-T3 antibody?

A

T3 & conjugated T3

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22
Q

The —— formed is proportional to the amount of —— and is inversely related to the amount of —— in the sample

A

Intensity of the color, enzyme present, unlabeled T3

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23
Q

How much detector reagent is used in t3 ELISA?

A

300 uL

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24
Q

How many sample is used in t3 ELISA?

A

75uL

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25
Q

How long should you incubate the serum diluent mixture of t3?

A

8 minutes at RT

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26
Q

What is the temperature of the analyzer during the incubation of t3 cartridge?

A

25 C

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27
Q

How much diluent is used in the measurement of t4?

A

200 uL

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28
Q

Expected values of t4.

A

60-120 mmoL/L

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29
Q

Expected values of T3.

A

1.24-3.09 mmol/L or 0.8 — 2.01 ng/mL

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30
Q

Where is T4 stored?

A

Thyroid gland

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31
Q

What released T4 in the bloodstream?

A

Proteolytic cleavage of follicular thyroglobulin

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32
Q

Greater than 99% of T4 is reversibly bound to three plasma proteins in blood:

A

thyroxine binding globulin (TBG) binds 70%; thyroxine binding pre-albumin (TBPA) binds 20%; and albumin binds 10%

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33
Q

How much t4 is free and unbound in the blood at any one time?

A

0.03%

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34
Q

Clinical significance of increased T4

A

hyperthyroidism due to Grave’s disease and Plummer’s disease and in acute and subacute thyroiditis.

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35
Q

Low levels of t4 is seen in

A

congenital hypothyroidism, myxedema, chronic thyroiditis (Hashimoto’s disease), and with some genetic abnormalities.

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36
Q

In T4, what is coated in microtiter well?

A

Anti-T4 antibody

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37
Q

Carbamazepine is chemically related to

A

Imipramine

38
Q

Used in the treatment of bronchial asthma & other COPD

A

Theophylline

39
Q

Inhibits cyclooxygenase pathway ( thromboxane &
prostaglandin formation)

A

Aspirin

40
Q

Method for testing for aspirin toxicity.

A

Tinder assay

41
Q

Metabolites of paracetamol

A

glucuronide and sulfate conjugates

42
Q

Reference method for paracetamol toxicity.

A

HPLC

43
Q

Drug of choice for maintenance of kidney, liver, heart and heart-lung allografts

A

Cyclosporine

44
Q

Currently used in transplant surgery to prevent organ rejection

A

Tacrolimus

45
Q

Active form of mycophenolate mofetil.

A

mycophenolic acid (MPA)

46
Q

A lymphocyte proliferation inhibitor

A

Mycophenolate mofetil

47
Q

It decreases renal allograft rejection

A

Mycophenolate mofetil

48
Q

● Inhibits lymphocyte proliferation
● For treatment of rheumatoid arthritis

A

Leflunomide

49
Q

For treatment of manic depression

A

Lithium salts

50
Q

● For a variety of neoplastic conditions; immunosuppressive agent
● Inhibits DNA synthesis in all cells, by blocking dihydrofolate reductase

A

Methotrexate

51
Q

Toxic effects
➢ Leucopenia, GI ulceration, thrombocytopenia,
cirrhosis, etc.

A

Methotrexate

52
Q

Treatment of leukemias and lymphomas prior to BM transplantation

A

Busulfan

53
Q

Used in the treatment of myelocytic leukemias

A

Busulfan

54
Q

Depresses granulocyte formation

A

Busulfan

55
Q

● Most common substance of abuse
● Sedative-hypnotic and depressant

A

Ethanol

56
Q

Toxic metabolite of ethanol

A

Acetaldehyde

57
Q

Detection limit of ethanol.

A

12 hours

58
Q

Fatal dose of ethanol.

A

300-400 mL of pure ethanol

59
Q

Detection limit of ethanol

A

12 hours

60
Q

If more than 400 mL of ethanol is consumed

A

Hemodialysis

61
Q

Ingestion of methylated spirits or methanol-containing antifreeze

A

Methanol

62
Q

Formaldehyde

A

Methanol

63
Q

Toxic metabolite of methanol and where is it formed.

A

Formic acid, liver

64
Q

Ocular toxicity and metabolic acidosis

A

Methanol

65
Q

Assay of choice for methanol toxicity.

A

Gas chromatography - Mass spectrophotometry

66
Q

Enzyme that turns ethylene glycol to glycolic acid.

A

Hepatic alcohol dehydrogenase

67
Q

correlates with symptomatology & mortality.

A

Glycolic acid

68
Q

Used in car radiator antifreeze

A

Ethylene glycol

69
Q

Disposition of calcium in renal tubules.

A

Ethylene glycol

70
Q

Measures serum ethylene glycol and glycolic acid

A

HPLC

71
Q

Treatment of ethylene glycol toxicity.

A

Ethanol therapy

72
Q

Antidote of isopropyl alcohol.

A

Activated charcoal

73
Q

Fatal dose of isopropyl alcohol.

A

250 mL

74
Q

Symptoms of toxicity of isopropyl alcohol.

A

CNS depression and hypertension

75
Q

Clues to diagnosis of isopropyl alcohol toxicity.

A

Acetonuria, acetonemia

76
Q

Binds to hemoglobin to form CARBOXYHEMOGLOBIN leading to Tissue hypoxia

A

Carbon monoxide

77
Q

Strong clue of CO poisoning

A

Cherry red color of the face

78
Q

Principal symptom of CO poisoning

A

Dyspnea

79
Q

Toxic level of CO.

A

20%

80
Q

Treatment for CO

A

Pure oxygen therapy

81
Q

Binds avidly to ferric ion

A

Cyanide

82
Q

Bind to Cytochrome A3 (inhibits ETC)

A

Cyanide

83
Q

Clue of cyanide poisoning

A

Odor of bitter almonds

84
Q

Antidote of cyanide poisoning

A

Sodium thiosulfate, sodium nitrite

85
Q

Fast acting and super toxic toxin.

A

Cyanide

86
Q

● Ant poisons, rodenticides, weed killers, insecticides
● Interact w/ enzyme -SH groups disrupts multiple metabolic systems

A

Arsenic

87
Q

Acute fatal dose of arsenic in liquid and gas form

A

120 mg, 30 ppm

88
Q

“Odor of garlic” and metallic taste

A

Arsenic

89
Q

Specimen for measuring short term exposure to arsenic and what method is used?

A

Blood and urine, AAS

90
Q

Specimen for measuring long term exposure to arsenic and what method is used?

A

Hair and nails, Ion Emission Spectroscopy

CC2 (3 decks)

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