Toxicology Flashcards
What are some factors affecting the alcohol absorption rate?
food in the stomach, age, gender, medications, etc.
two mechanisms of elimination of alcohol in human body? Take place in?
Oxidation, which occurs in the liver
Excretion through breath, urine, and perspiration
What are the two ways of measuring the quantity of alcohol present in the blood system?
The two ways to measure alcohol in blood are through blood testing and breath testing.
What are some quality standards/precautions in breath testing?
Quality standards for breath testing include proper instrument calibration, certified operators, ensuring no mouth alcohol, etc.
Name two instruments that are used to measure the blood alcohol content
Two instruments to measure blood alcohol are the Breathalyzer and gaschromatography
What is the nationally accepted legal measure for drunk driving?
The nationally accepted legal limit for drunk driving is 0.08% blood alcohol concentration (BAC).
Describe the Implied Consent Law.
Implied Consent Law states that by driving, you consent to chemical testing if arrested for suspected DUI.
What is the primary purpose of testing human hairs for the presence of drugs?
Hair testing detects long-term repeated drug use over months/years.
Which popular poisons of the past were once referred to as the “inheritance powder”?
Arsenic compounds like arsenic trioxide were once called “inheritance powders” when used for poisoning.
Who is known as the “Father of Toxicology” for what achievement?
Mathieu Orfila:
developed reliable method to detect poisonous substances in the human body.
Paracelclu, dose makes poison
Compare and contrast acute and chronic poisoning.
Acute poisoning is a single exposure, chronic is repeated/long-term exposure.
Describe the Reinsch Test.
The Reinsch Test is used to detect the presence of arsenic and antimony.
List the top 3 most abused drugs in the United States.
Opiods
How was Georgi Markov murdered?
Georgi Markov was murdered by an umbrella tip containing ricin poison fired into his leg.
List the differences between cocaine and “crack” cocaine.
Differences are: cocaine is a powder, crack is a smokable freebase form; crack is more potent.
What type of facility are drugs such as methamphetamine and PCP manufactured in?
Clandestine labs
What are the two (2) common natural hallucinogens?
Shrooms, peyote
List the factors affecting the Drug Schedule.
Drug schedule factors include potential for abuse, accepted medical use, and dependence potential.
Describe the Methamphetamine Precursor Control Act of 2005.
The Act regulated over-the-counter sale of precursor chemicals used to make methamphetamine.
How do you visually/microscopically identify a marijuana plant/leaf?
Marijuana leaves have palmate compound shape with serrated edges.
What are the screening/presumptive tests performed on a suspected marijuana sample?
FourierTransform Infared SPectroscopy (FTIR)
Weight test
Duquenois-Levine color test.
What are the confirmatory tests performed on a suspected marijuana sample?
Confirmatory tests like chromatography/mass spec conclusively identify THC in marijuana.
What are the three (3) screening tests that can be performed for the presence of crack cocaine?
Three screening tests for crack are a color test like the Scott Test, microcrystalline test, and field chromatography.
