Toxicology

Question 1

What is the lethal dose of ethylene glycol (EG) for dogs?

Answer 1

6.6 mL/kg

Question 2

What is the mortality rate for cats poisoned by EG?

Answer 2

96-100%

Question 3

What are the main phases of clinical signs in EG poisoning?

Answer 3

1st phase: GI and CNS signs (vomiting, lethargy, seizures)<br></br>2nd phase: Cardiopulmonary signs (tachyarrhythmias)<br></br>3rd phase: AKI (lethargy, anorexia, oliguria)

Question 4

What is the primary cause of AKI in EG poisoning?

Answer 4

Oxalic acid crystal formation

Question 5

What diagnostic test shows normochloremic metabolic acidosis in EG poisoning?

Answer 5

Blood gas analysis

Question 6

What is the preferred antidote for EG poisoning?

Answer 6

Fomepizole

Question 7

What is the initial dose of fomepizole for dogs with EG poisoning?

Answer 7

20 mg/kg

Question 8

What is the initial dose of fomepizole for cats with EG poisoning?

Answer 8

125 mg/kg

Question 9

What is the role of fluid therapy in EG poisoning?

Answer 9

Enhance renal excretion of EG

Question 10

When is hemodialysis most beneficial in EG poisoning?

Answer 10

Early (first 12-24h)

Question 11

What is the main limitation of ethanol as an antidote for EG poisoning?

Answer 11

Emetogenic properties and potential for neurological effects

Question 12

Once AKI develops in EG poisoning, what is the main focus of treatment?

Answer 12

Supportive care (fluid therapy, electrolyte correction)