toxicology

Question 1

what would be seen on a blood smear to determine and lead toxicity

Answer 1

Basophilic stippling

Question 2

What is the true antidote for organophospahte toxicity?

Answer 2

2-PAM ( Pralidoxime)

Question 3

What is the antidote for ethyline glycol (in antifreeze) ?

Answer 3

4-MP ( 4-methylpyrazole, fomepizole ) in dogs; 7% ethanol (100 proof vodka) for cats ( can be given IV)

Question 4

What is a snail/slug bait used that causes a rapid onset of neuro signs upon toxiciy?

Answer 4

metalhydes

Question 5

What breed should Ivermectin be avoided in/ cautious using with?

Answer 5

Collies

Question 6

What are the 5 types of rodenticides and what they attack?

Answer 6

• warfarin-based(1st gen) and brodifacoum (2nd gen) deplete Vit K - imparing coagulation , secondary hemostasis
• Bromethalin - attacks the CNS in the brain. Mannitol used to help cerebral edema.
• Cholecalciferol - increase of calcium in the bones, hypercalcemia.
• Zinc phosphide - causes repsiratory distress, used in mole and gopher bait

Vitamin K is the antidote for the anticoagulant rodenticide toxicity, smaller needle better to avoid bleeding. Loading dose of injection, small gauge needle. min 3 week supply of oral vitamin K (better absorption is better with food as it is a fat soluble). PT/aPTT test follow up

Question 7

What does Acetominophen toxicity causes?

Answer 7

Causes hepatic and RBC damage ; more toxic to cats due to insufficient matabolism

Question 8

What is the antidote for acetominophen toxicity?

Answer 8

Acetylcysteine (mucolytic)

take note it is used for respiratory as in breaking down mucus but can be an antidote

Question 9

What happens with an overdose of aspirin?

Answer 9

causes ulcers in the prostaglandin mucosal, blood in the feces (melena)

Question 10

What is a key clincial sign with marijuana toxicity?

Answer 10

they will be dribbling urine

other signs would be CNS depression

no antidote, just supportive care

Question 11

Definition of Acids

Answer 11

Compounds whose water-based solutions have a sour taste, turn blue litmus paper red, and can combine with metals to form salts and yield hydrogen ions or protons when dissolved in water.

Question 12

Adsorbent

Answer 12

Solid substance that attracts and holds a substance to its surface such as **activated charcoal **

Question 13

Alkali

Answer 13

Alkaline substances produce hydroxide ions on contact with water.

Question 14

Emetics

Answer 14

Used to induce vomitting; examples such as
* Apomorphine
* Xylazine - for cats
* Hydrogen peroxide 3%

Question 15

in a case of an unknown envenomation, what could be ruled out with similar side effects?

Answer 15

Blood products, bee sting and vaccine reactions

Question 16

Cathartics

Answer 16

Medications that through their chemical effects serve to promote the clearing of intestinal contents.
They are added in activated charcoal to help clear out activated charcoal and the toxicity absorbtion. helps decrease GI transit time.

Contraindictions are diarrhea and dehydration