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small animal nursing 2 > Nervous system diseases > Flashcards

Nervous system diseases Flashcards

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1
Q

Dysmetria

A

Abnormal muscular gait; wide abnormal walk

test propiocetion - knuckling

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2
Q

Hypermetria

A

Over stepping ( goose stepping )

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3
Q

Paresis

A

Slight or incomplete paralysis

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4
Q

Torticollis

A

Twisting of neck, head bent to chest

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5
Q

Nystagmus

A

Involuntary movement of eyeballs

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6
Q

Strabismus

A

Uncontrolled deviation of eye

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7
Q

Anisocoria

A

Unsymmetrical pupil sizes

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8
Q

What is Cranial nerve 1

A

Olfactory
Smell

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9
Q

Cranial never 2

A

II-Optic
Vision

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10
Q

Cranial nerve 3

A

III-Oculomotor
Pupils-PLR

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11
Q

Cranial nerve 4

A

IV-Trochlear
Eye movement-nystagmus

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12
Q

Cranial nerve 5

A

V-Trigeminal
Mastication-Facial sensation

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13
Q

Cranial nerve 6

A

VI-Abducens
Eye movement-Strabismus

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14
Q

Cranial nerve 7

A

VII-Facial
Blink reflex, ear movement

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15
Q

opisthotonus

A

arching of the neck and back

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16
Q

tonic v clonic

A

tonic is stiff and clonic is shaky, jittery in seizures

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17
Q

Cranial nerve 8

A

VIII-Vestibulocochlear
Hearing and balance-vertigo

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18
Q

Cranial nerve 9

A

IX-Glossopharyngeal
Swallowing and Gag reflex

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19
Q

Cranial nerve 10

A

X-Vagus
Swallowing and Gag reflex

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20
Q

Cranial nerve 11

A

XI-Accessory
Neck movement

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21
Q

Cranial nerve 12

A

XII-Hypoglossal
Tongue movement

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22
Q

what is Menace response and what CN they are associated with

A

CN - 2,3 palpebral reflex and 7
a reaction with a more faster movement to cause a blinking reflex

23
Q

What is panniculus reflex

A

pinching along the spine and will respond to with a “fly twitch”

24
Q

How will a patient be positioned for surgery for cervical disk ?

A

dorsal recumbency

25
Q

What position would the patient be placed in for a thoracolumabar disk surgery ?

A

Ventral recumbency

26
Q

what drugs for treatment can be used to help treat a brain disorder due to trauma

A

Osmotic agents (Mannitol slow IV bolus)
Diuretics (Furosemide IV)
Anti-seizure medication if needed
Corticosteroids: Prednisolone sodium succinate iv

27
Q

what is idiopthic vestibular disease and common reasons for it

A

An acute disorder seen in middle aged dogs and cats. common causes: ear infection ( tymapnic membrane has ruptured) or nausea medication (antihistamine)
Selegiline can be used to help treat

28
Q

What are the phases of seziures

A

Aura
Initial manifestation – hiding, pacing, barking, nervous, salivating
Ictal
Actual seizure
Post Ictal
Period after seizure - disorientation, circling, blindness, weakness

29
Q

what is the go to drug for seizures

A

DIazepam

IV, rectal

30
Q

what is idiopathic epilepsy

A

Characterized by repeated episodes of seizures for which no cause exists.

31
Q

What breeds have been suggested hereditary epilepsy

A

Predominantly in German Shepherd, Miniature and Toy Poodle, Saint Bernard, Cocker Spaniel, Beagle, Irish Setter, Golden Retriever, and some mixed breeds.

32
Q

what drug can be used to help decrease the effects of epilepsy

A

penobarbital (if no liver disease is detected)
gabopentin
Potassium bromide
medazolam
primadone
Levetiracetam (Keppra)

anti convulsants; they do not remove seizures, only decrease the time and effects. good to inform client to time the seizures

33
Q

What is Status epilepticus

A

Continual seizures for prolonged period (>5-10 min)
Emergency
hyperthermia is common in seizuring patients

34
Q

What is Intervertebral Disc Disease

A

Compression of the spinal cord, spinal nerves, or nerve root by the intervertebral disk. 75-100% of all discs have undergone degenerative changes by 1 year of age in these breeds

35
Q

What breeds is extrusion IDD common in and what it is

A

Common in younger chondrodystrophic breeds of dogs (eg Dachshund, corgis).
Tearing of the annulus fibrosus and the rupturing of the nucleus pulposus into vertebral canal (Type I disc).

36
Q

What is protrusion IDD

A

Common in older (>5 years) large-breed dogs.
Partial tearing of the annulus fibrosus and bulging of the dorsal aspect of the disc into vertebral canal (Type II).

37
Q

What is fenestraion and hemilaminectomy

A

o

38
Q

Schiff-Sherrington sign

A

Rigid hypertonicity of front legs, hypotonicity of rear legs, normal reflexes, pain perception from release of inhibitory pathways from L1-L7

39
Q

what is Alantoaxial subluxation/ instability and who is it commonly seen in

A

Spinal cord trauma occurs when cranial portion of axis displaced into spinal column. (C1 and C2)
Seen most frequently in young (<1 year) toy and miniature dog breeds (occasionally other breeds).

40
Q

What would be seen in a radiograph in an alantoaxial subluxation

A

ventroflexion

41
Q

Cervical Spondylomyelopathy
(Wobbler Syndrome) and who is it commonly seen in

A

Cervical cord compression from caudal vertebral (C5-C7) malformation or misarticulation
Large-breed dogs, predominantly Great Danes (male) <1 year and Doberman Pinschers >2 years

42
Q

What is degenerative myleopathy and who is ti commmonly seen in

A

Slow progressive diffuse degeneration of white matter in both ascending and descending tracts of all segments of the spinal cord. Most affected in german shepards

43
Q

What is Discospondylitis
(Vertebral Osteomyelitis) and what organisms are they associated with

A

Occurs when bacteria or fungi become implanted in the bones of the vertebral column.

Organisms include -
Brucella canis, Staph, Proteus, Streptococcus canis, E coli, Corynebacterium, Pasteurella, Aspergillus, Mycobacterium

44
Q

What is Ischemic Myelopathy Caused By
Fibrocartilaginous Embolism (FCE)

A

Ischemic myelopathy results from necrosis of the spinal cord gray and white fiber tracts when emboli obstruct veins + arteries in leptomeninges and cord.

45
Q

Neural Deafness is most common in which types of species / breed

A

dalamatians and blue eyed white cats

46
Q

What may be causes of Metabolic Neuropathy

A

Polyneuropathy reported in dogs with diabetes mellitus, hyperadrenocorticism, and hypothyroidism.

stances seen may be cervical ventroflexion or plantigrade stance (diabetes)

47
Q

who is laryngeal paralysis common in

A

Bouviers and young Siberian Huskies

48
Q

How does Larpar occur

A

Acquired form occurs from lead poisoning, rabies, trauma, and inflammatory infiltrates in vagus nerve.

49
Q

What is megaesophagius

A

Lack of effective esophageal peristalsis results in dilation and regurgitation of undigested food.

myastenia gravis can be a cause to this

50
Q

What are the common ticks that can cause tick paralysis

A

Mostly due to common dog tick (Dermacentor variabilis) and Rocky Mountain wood tick (Dermacentor andersoni).
The female mature tick

51
Q

Coonhound Paralysis or Polyradiculoneuritis

A

associated with raccon bites, Pathologic changes include segmental demyelination with degeneration of myelin and axons, especially ventral nerve root.

Causes acute respiratory paraalysis

52
Q

what are 3 causes to respiratory paralysis

A

nicotine, coonhound paralysis and tick paralysis

53
Q

Facial nerve paralysis and common breeds

A

Degeneration of myelinated fibers, unknown cause.

Reported in adult dogs and cat (>5 years).
Cockers, Corgis, Boxers, English Setters, DLH cats

small animal nursing 2 (2 decks)

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