Toxicology Flashcards
________ ingested at 40-70 days gestation in cattle cause severe limb and spinal abnormalities (arthrogryposis, torticollis, kyphosis, scoliosis, etc.)
Lupines genera
(L. sericeus or L. caudatus) contain anagyrine which is teratogenic
__________ when ingested on day 50-75 of gestation causes multiple congenital contractures in calves such as spinal curvature and arthrogryposis. this is very similar to lupine toxicity.
poison hemlock
Nicotana glauca (tree tobacco) found in CA and AZ contains anabasine which is teratogenic. This causes what signs in the calves?
multiple congenital contractures in calves such as spinal curvature and arthrogryposis
similar to lupines and poison hemlock
In what species is N. tabacum (common tobacco) a teratogen in?
swine
Locoweed contains __________ an indolizidine alkaloid that interferes with oligosaccharide degradation. The microscopic lesions are vacuolization of cells in many tissues.
swainsonine.
CHRONIC exposure (4-6 weeks) to locoweed causes what 2 major signs? along with other signs such as abortion, hydrops, abnormal cotyledons, and delayed placentation.
- CNS derangement
- heart failure
___________ locoweeds cause more annual losses d/t being a more stable locoweed plant population
oxytropis
Needles from _______________ cause abortion when consumed during the last trimester in cattle.
ponderosa pine tree
Ponderosa pine tree needles cause abortion more commonly in what season?
winter
The following lesions are associated with what toxin?
profound constriction of the caruncular arterial bed, decreased uterine blood flow, premature parturition
ponderosa pine tree needles
___________ causes abortion or premature birth of weak calves. This plant is not particularly palatable, but its first to emerge in the spring.
broomweed.
What is the cause of Fescue hay toxicosis in cattle?
endophyte infestation
toxic ergot peptide alkaloids produced by the fungus
In cattle that have ingested fungus-infected acremonium coenophialum (tall fescue, Kentucky 31), what is the major clinical sign/result?
diminished reproductive efficiency
summer slump
vasoconstrictive effects on internal organs and increased heat stress signs
decreased estrus (d/t hyperthermia)
increased embryo loss
decreased circulating prolactin
altered luteal function
If a dairy cows rations contain cottonseed and/or cottonseed meal, what toxicity are they at risk for after several weeks of ingestion?
gossypol
Gossypol has what effect on dairy cattle?
reproductive signs more in males
testicular damage, reduced sperm motility, increased mid-piece abnormalities
If the region you practice in is experiencing drought-stress, cattle in the area are more susceptible to what toxicity where fertilizers are being used?
nitrate and nitrite
What is the result of nitrate/nitrite toxicity?
late gestation abortion
On what day must veratrum californicum need to be ingested to produce a small ruminant with cylopia and arthrogryposis?
day 12-14
What results from endophyte infected tall fescue plant ingestion in horses?
suppression of prolactin –> agalactia
during last 90d of gestation, vasoconstriction, prolonged gestation, and thickened placenta results.
this can lead to neonatal hypoxia and asphyxiation.
What is red bag and what toxin has the ability to produce it in mares?
red bag is premature placental separation in mares
it can be caused by endophyte-infected fescue
What toxin has an estrogenic effect on pigs and causes implantation failure, females to exhibit signs of estrus, increased incidence of vaginal/rectal prolapses, and reduced testicular development and feminization in males.
zearalenone
fusarium roseum
grows when corn is wet within the silo and gets moldy
