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TNG Exam 3 > Nutrition > Flashcards

Nutrition Flashcards

1
Q

What is the ideal BCS for growth in puppies and kittens?

A

4/9 - 5/9
ribs easy to palpate with slight fat covering, waist easily noted and viewed from above, abdominal tuck evident

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2
Q

What is the ideal BCS for growth in foals?

A

4/9 - 5/9
slight ridge along back, faint outline of ribs or easily felt but not seen, fat can be felt around tailhead, hip bones not obvi discernable
withers, neck, and shoulders not obvi thin, rrounded and blending smoothly into body.

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3
Q

What is the ideal BCS for growth in beef calves?

A

5/9-6/9

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4
Q

What is the ideal BCS for growth in dairy calves?

A

> 3/5

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5
Q

which species milk has the greatest DM %?
least?

A

most DM% = cat
least DM% = equine

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6
Q

which species milk has the most CP?
least?

A

most CP = cat
least CP = equine

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7
Q

which species milk has the most fat?
least?

A

most fat = goat
least fat = equine

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8
Q

which species milk has the most sugar/lactose?
least?

A

most sugar = equine
least = dog

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9
Q

T/F: milk composition is influenced by breed, stage of lactation, and diet

A

true

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10
Q

T/F: All camelid milk is the same composition

A

false – camel milk is NOT similar to alpaca milk.

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11
Q

What are the 7 key nutritional factors for the neonate?

A
  1. water
  2. energy (influenced by milk fat, DM, and lactose)
  3. protein
  4. calcium
  5. phosphorus
  6. copper
  7. zinc
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12
Q

Describe a puppy/kittens diet during the following time periods/ages:
1-4 weeks –
2.5-4 weeks –
5-6 weeks –
8 weeks –

A

1-4 weeks – dam milk
2.5-4 weeks – add gruel (puppy diet + water/milk/MR)
5-6 weeks – gruel primarily
8 weeks – weaned, solid foods

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13
Q

What is the result of diluting milk replacer more than the package guidlines?

A

you are diluting calories, so you will need to compensate by adding volume.

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14
Q

What amount of milk replacer should be fed to neonatal foals and how often?

A

10% BW/day AF
increase to 20-25% BW/day AF

4-8x/day

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15
Q

What is creep feeding and when should you do it?

A

creep feeding is when you provide supplemental feed to animals that are still nursing prior to weaning.
To do so, you have to provide a means for the weanlings to get to the feed without the dams stealing it.
You should start this at 2-3 months for foals and 3-4 months for calves.

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16
Q

How much and how often should a neonatal puppy/kitten be fed during these time periods/ages –
1-2 wks old:
3-4 wks old:

A

1-2 wks old: 13-17mL/100g BW, 5-6x/day
3-4 wks old: 20-22mL/100g BW, 4x/day

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17
Q

in what circumstance should you NOT be feeding a neonate?

A

if they are hypothermic

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18
Q

When weaning, what should calves be fed?

A

transition from milk to calf starter

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19
Q

When weaning, what should foals be fed?

A

milk replacer pellets soaked in milk replacer
then transition to growth concentrate

20
Q

how much weight do we expect puppies to gain?

A

they will double their birth weight by 7-10d
they should gain 1-3 grams/day/lb of anticipated adult weight

21
Q

how much weight do we expect kittens to gain?

A

they should double their birth weight by 14 days
and gain 50-100 grams/week

22
Q

how much weight do we expect foals to gain?

A

2.4-3.3 lb/week

23
Q

how much weight do we expect calves to gain?

A

1-2 lb/day

24
Q

If you observe diarrhea during the neonatal or weaning period, what should you do in regard to feeding?

A

reduce volume or dilute formula, then gradually return to the level that meets caloric needs.

25
Q

__________ is an important non-genetic factor impacting skeletal development

A

nutrition

26
Q

Developmental orthopedic disease (DOD) is a term that describes a collection of diseases that are characterized by abnormal endochondral ossification. What diseases are included?

A

hip dysplasia
osteochondrosis
osteochondritis dissicans
angular limb deformity
elbow dysplasia
physitis
wobbler syndrome

27
Q

T/F: female cats grow faster than male cats after 20 weeks of age

A

false – male grows faster than female

28
Q

Most cats reach adult body weight and skeletal maturity at ______ (age).

A

10 months

29
Q

Foals reach 50% of their adult body weight by what age?

A

6 months

30
Q

Describe the growth of dairy calves during the first 180 days

A

they will double their birth weight by 60 days
then gain 2.2 lb/day from 81-120d
then 2.0lb/day from 121-180d

31
Q

What is the avg birth weight of a cow-calf?

A

70-85 lb

32
Q

what is the avg weaning weight (6-10 months old) of a cow calf?

A

400-600 lb

33
Q

what is the avg weight of a stocker/backgrounding beef calf at 10-14 months?

A

700-900 lb

34
Q

what is the avg weight of a feedlot beef calf at 15-24 months?

A

1050-1350 lbs

35
Q

How do you determine the energy requirements for puppies?

A

RER = 70 x BWkg ^0.75
Then, if small breed:
weaning-4 months: DER = RER x 3
5-7 months: DER = RER x 3.5
8-12 months: DER = RER x 2

if large breed:
weaning-4 months: DER = RER x 3
5-12 months: DER = RER x 2
>12 months: DER = RER x 1.8 (intact) or 1.6 (neutered)

36
Q

How do you determine the energy requirements for kittens?

A

RER = 70 x BWkg ^0.75
Then,
weaning-4 months: DER = RER x 3
5-6 months: DER = RER x 2.5
7-12 months: DER = RER x 2

37
Q

___________ can cause excess growth/rapid growth rate, changes to growth hormones and insulin-like GF leading to abnormal chondrocyte maturation, obesity, increased risk of joint disease, and reduced longevity.

A

Energy excess

38
Q

What effect can being overweight have on an animal during growth and weaning?

A

mechanical cartilage damage
and adipose tissue is metabolically active, so the body will have increased state of inflammation.

39
Q

_________ deficiency may increase the risk of developmental orthopedic disease because bone is 20% of this.

A

protein

40
Q

______ deficiency can cause nutritional secondary hyperparathyroidism (increased PTH causes Ca to get pulled from bones, which leads to osteopenia and subsequently pathologic fractures.

A

calcium

41
Q

calcium excess during growth and weaning period causes…

A

increased calcitonin, which transfers calcium into bone and leads to subsequent decreases in skeletal remodeling

42
Q

Zinc, Copper, and manganese are key minerals for endochondral ossification because they are …

A

co-factors of enzymes

43
Q

How many meals should a puppy eat per day before 4-6 months old? What about after 6 months?

A

4-6 months: 3-4 meals/day
after 6 months: 2/day

44
Q

How many meals should a kitten eat per day before being spayed or neutered? what about after?

A

before: free choice
after: meal feed

45
Q

How much DM should a weanling foals ration contain?

A

2.5% BW per day in DM
this contains water, forage, and concentrate

46
Q

When using weight tape to measure a foal, what 2 things are you measuring to calculate the weight?

A
  1. body length (from point of shoulder to point of rump just below tail head)
  2. chest circumference/heart girth behind elbow

BW = (heart girth x heart girth x body length)/300

TNG Exam 3 (6 decks)

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