Toxicology Flashcards
Reason for acetaminophen toxicity in cats
Glucoronyl transferase deficiency
cannot glucoronidate/conjugate acetaminophen
Signs of Acetaminophen toxicity
Oxidative damage to RBCs
CNS depression, vomiting, methemoglobinemia, Heinz body formation
Acetaminophen toxicity leads to
Oxidative damage to RBCs
Treatment for acetaminophen toxicity
N-acetylcysteine - glutathione precursor for glucoronidation
Strychnine
Inhibits post-synaptic buffering effects of glycine on sensory stimulation of motor-neurons 🡪 muscular hyperactivity 🡪 rigidity and seizures
Organophosphate toxicity mode of action
Inhibit Acetylcholinesterase
Organophosphate toxicity signs
Muscarinic signs
SLUD
Salivation, lacrimation, urination, defecation
Pyrethrin toxicity
Prolong Na+ conductance 🡪 increased depolarization 🡪 repetitive nerve firing
Amitraz toxicity (tick collars) - Mode of action
α2-agonist, PG synthesis inhibitor
Ethylene Glycol Toxicity
Oxalic acid binds Ca+ 🡪 calcium oxalate crystals
Acidosis (glycolic acid)
Lead toxicity mode of action
Interferes/competes with Ca+
Alters Vit D metabolism
Impairs heme synthesis
Alters neuronal energy metabolism
Lead toxicity Clinical fingings
Anemia, basophilic stippling, NRBCs
Aflatoxicity mode of action
Absorbed and metabolized by P-450 to aflatoxin B1 8,9 epoxide 🡪 affects DNA replication 🡪 hepatic and renal tubular necrosis
Oleander toxicity
Cardiac glycosides
Inhibits Na/K/ATPase pump
Bradycardia, AV block
Azalea toxicity
Na+ channels
Decreases resting membrane potential in Purkinje fibers
Sago Palm toxic metabolite
methylazoxymethanol (MAM)
β-N-methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA)
Jequirity Bean & Castor Bean
Jecquirity – Albrin
Castor – Ricin
Inhibit protein synthesis
Autumn Crocus & Glory Lily toxicity
Colchicine 🡪 inhibits mitosis 🡪 cell death
Myelosuppression
