Toxicology Flashcards
1
Q
Bioavailability
A
Percentage of unchanged substance present in the systemic circulation
2
Q
Half-life
A
Amount of time needed for the average person to use about 50% of the drug
3
Q
Toxidrome
A
The symptoms of a class or group of similar poisonous agents are termed a toxic syndrome, or a toxidrome
4
Q
Narcotic (Opiate and Opiod)
A
Morphine Codeine Heroin Methadone Opium Morphine Hydromorphone Fentanyl Oxycodone and aspirin combination
5
Q
Signs and symptoms of narcotic overdose
A
Hypoventilation, respiratory arrest, constricted (pinpoint) pupils, bradycardia, hypotension, track marks, drowsiness, stupor, coma
6
Q
Sympathomimetic drug examples
A
Pseudoephedrine phenylephrine phenylpropanolamine amphetamine methamphetamine cocaine caffeine nasal decongestants synthetic cathinones (bath salts)
7
Q
Sympathomimetic signs and symptoms
A
Hypertension diaphoresis tachycardia dilated pupils (mydroases) agitation seizures hyperthermia paranoia
8
Q
Sedative hypnotic drug examples
A
Phenobarbital secobarbital diazepam thiopental midazolam loazepam propofol ethanol flunitrazepam zolpidem tartrate
9
Q
Sedative hypnotic signs and symptoms
A
Hypoventilation respiratory arrest drowsiness disinhibition ataxia slurred speech mental confusion respiratory depression progressive CNS depression hypotension
10
Q
Cholinergic drug examples
A
Organophosphates Acephate diazinon malathion parathion sarin tabun v-agent
11
Q
Cholinergic signs and symptoms
A
DUMBELS
Diarrhea Urination Miosis Bradycardia/bronchospasm/bronchorrhea Emesis Lacrimation Seizures
12
Q
Anticholinergic drug examples
A
Atropine scopolamine antihistamines diphenhydraminw chlorpheniramine tricylic antidepressants antipsychotics jimson weed
13
Q
Anticholinergic signs and symyoms
A
Agitation, dry mucos membranes, flushed skin hyperthermia tachycardia dilated pupils blurred vision mild hallucinations dramatic delirum
14
Q
Common signs and symptoms of poisoning - Odor - Bitter almonds
A
cyanide
15
Q
Common signs and symptoms of poisoning - Odor - garlic
A
arsenic
organophosphates
phosphorus
16
Q
Common signs and symptoms of poisoning - Odor - acetone
A
methyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol
aspirin
acetone
diabetes
17
Q
Common signs and symptoms of poisoning - Odor - wintergreen
A
Mathyl silicylate
18
Q
Common signs and symptoms of poisoning - Odor - pears
A
cholral hydrate
19
Q
Common signs and symptoms of poisoning - Odor - violates
A
turpentine
20
Q
Common signs and symptoms of poisoning - Pupils - constricted
A
Narcotics organophosphates cimson weed nutmeg propoxyphene
21
Q
Common signs and symptoms of poisoning - Pupils - dilated
A
barbituates atropine amphetamine glutethimide LSD cyanide CO
22
Q
Common signs and symptoms of poisoning - Mouth - salivation
A
Organophosphates arsenic strychnine murcury salicylates
23
Q
Common signs and symptoms of poisoning - mouth - dry
A
atropine
amphetamines
diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
narcotics
24
Q
Common signs and symptoms of poisoning - mouth - burns
A
formaldehyde iodine lye toxic plants phenols pine oil silver nitrate acids
25
Common signs and symptoms of poisoning - skin - pruritus
jimson weed
belladonna
boric acid
26
Common signs and symptoms of poisoning - skin - dry/hot
atropine
botulism
nutmeg
27
Common signs and symptoms of poisoning - skin - sweating
```
Organophosphate
arsenic
aspirin
amphetamines
barbituates
muchrooms
naphthalene
```
28
Common signs and symptoms of poisoning - respiratory - depressed
```
narcotics
alcohol
propoxyphene
CO
barbituates
```
29
Common signs and symptoms of poisoning - respiratory - increased
```
aspirin
amphetamines
boric acid
cyanide
karosene
methyl alcohol
nicotine
```
30
Common signs and symptoms of poisoning - respiratory - pulmonary edema
organophosphates
petrolium products
narcotics
CO
31
Common signs and symptoms of poisoning - cardiovascular - tachycardia
```
alcohol
amphetamines
arsenic
atropine
aaspirin
cocaine
some antiasthma drugs
```
32
Common signs and symptoms of poisoning - cardiovascular - bradycardia
```
Digitalis
gasoline
nicotine
muchrooms
narcoics
cyanide
misletoe
rhododendron
```
33
Common signs and symptoms of poisoning - cardiovascular - hypertension
amphetamines
lead
nicotine
antiasthma drugs
34
Common signs and symptoms of poisoning - cardiovascular - hypotension
```
barbituates
narcotics
tranquilizers
house plants
misletoe
nitro
antifreeze
```
35
Common signs and symptoms of poisoning - CNS - seizures
```
amphetamines
camphor
cocaine
strychnine
arcenic
co
petrolium products
scorpion sting
```
36
Common signs and symptoms of poisoning - CNS - coma
all depressant drugs (narcotics, barbituates, tranquilizers, alcohol)
co
cyanide
37
Common signs and symptoms of poisoning - CNS - hallucinations
```
atropine
lsd
mushrooms
organic solvents
pcp
nutmet
co
alcohol
disulfiram (antabuse)
```
38
Common signs and symptoms of poisoning - CNS - headache
```
organophosphates
co
amphetamine
tranquilizers
poisions
```
39
Common signs and symptoms of poisoning - CNS - tremors
```
organophosphates
botulism
eel
hemlock
puffer fish
pine oil
rhodedendron
```
40
Alcoholism
A disorder characterized by a physical and psychological addiction to ethanol
41
Amphetamines
A class fo drugs that increase alertness and excitation (stimulants)
Inclides methamphetamines (crank or ice)
Methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA, Adam)
Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, Eve, Ecstacy)
42
antagoinst
A molecule that blocks the ability of a given chemical to bind to its receptor preventing a biological response
43
Barbituate
Potent sedative used as a sleep aid, antianxiety, seizure control
Includes thiopental (Pentothal, Trapanal)
Methohexital (Brevital)
44
Benzodiazepines
A sedative-hypnotic
Provides muscle relaxation and mild sedation
Treats anxiety, seizures, and alcohol withdrawal
Drugs include diazepam (Valium) and midazolam (Verset)
45
Caladium
A common household plant that contains calcium oxalate crystals
Ingestion leads to nausea, vomiting, and poopy
46
Castor beans
A seed that contains the poision ricin
causes a variety of toxic effects, burning of the mouth and throat, nausea, vomiting, poopy, severe stomach pains, prostration (laying on the ground), failing vision, kidney failure usually leading to death
47
caustic
Chemicals that are acids or alkalis
causes direct chemical injury to the tissues they contact
48
Chemical suicide
A method of suicide involving mixing certain household chemicals in an enclosed space o create a tocix gas such as hydrogen sulfide and hrdrogen cyanide
also called chemical detergent suicide
49
Cocaine
A stimulant
50
Delirium tremens (DTs)
A severe withdrawal syndrome seen in people with alcoholism who are deprived of ethyl alcohol
characterized by fever, sweating, disorientation, agitation, and seizures.
Fatal is untreated
51
Dieffenbachial (dumb cane)
Ingestion causes burns to mouth and tongue
possible paralysis of vocal cords, nausea, vomiting
In severe cases edema of the tongue and larynx leading to airway compromise
52
Drug
A substance that ahs some therapeutic effect (such as reducing inflammation) when given in the appropriate circumstances and in the appropriate dose
53
Drug abuse
and use of drugs that causes physical, psychological, economic, legal, or social harm to the user or others affected by the user's behavior
54
Drug addiction
A chronic disorder characterized by the compulsive use of a substance that results in physical, psychological, or social harm to the user who continues to use the substance despite the harm
55
DUMBELS
Represents the symptoms of organophosphate poisoning
```
Diarrhea
Urination
Miosis
Bradycardia, Bradycardia, Bronchospasm, Bronchorrhea
Emesis
Lacrimation
Seizures, Salivation, Sweating
```
56
Foxglove
A plant that contains cardiac glycosides used in making digitalis
Ingestion of leaves causes nausea, vomiting, poopy, abdominal cramps, hyperkalemia, and dysrhythmias
57
Habituation
A physical tolerance and psychological dependence on a drug or drugs
58
Hallucinogen
An agent that produces false perceptions in any one of the five senses
59
Hydrocarbons
Compounds made up principally of hydrogen and carbon atoms mostly obtained from the distillation of petroleum
60
Illicit
In relation to drugs, illegal drugs such as merijuana, cocaine, and LSD
61
Lantana
A perinnial flowering shrub with clusters of red betties that can lead to fatal poisoning
Also known as red sage or wild sage
ingestion causes stomach upsets, muscle weakness, shock, and the big nap
62
Licit
In relation to drugs, legalized drugs such as coffee, alcohol, and tobacco
63
Lithium
A common mood stabilizer used in the treatment of bipolar disorder
64
Marijuana
The dried leaves and flower buds to the Cannabis Sativa plant that are smoked to get high
65
Methamphetamine
A highly addictive amphetamine
66
Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs)
Psychiatric medication used primarily to treat atpyical depression by increasing norepi and serotin levels in the CNS
67
Narcotic
The generic term for opiates and opiods, drugs that act as a central nervous system depressant and produce insensibility or stuipor
68
Opiate
Various alkaloids derived from the opium or poppy plant
69
Opiod
A synthetic narcotic not derived from opium
fentanyl, alfentanil
70
Organophosphates
A class of chemical found in many insecticides used in agriculture and in the home
71
Overdise
A condition that occurs when a drug is taken in excess
72
Physical dependance
A psychologic state of adaptation to a drug
usually characterized by tolerance to the effects of the drug and a withdrawal syndrome is use of the drug is stopped abruptly
73
Poison
A substance whose chemical action would damage structures or impair function when introduced into the body
74
Potentiation
Enhancement of the effect of one drug by another
75
Psychological dependence
The emotional state of craving a drug to maintain a feeling of well-being
76
Rhabdomyoysis
The destruction of muscle tissue leading to a release of potassium and myoglobin
These substances can damage the heart and kidneys and cause permanent disability or even death.
77
Salicylates
Chemicals found in plants and a primary ingredient in ASA
78
Salicylates
Chemicals found in plants and a primary ingredient in ASA
79
Sedative-hypnotic
A drug used to reduce anxiety, calm agitated patients, and help produce drowsiness and sleep (CNS depressant)
80
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI)
A class of antidepressant to inhibit the reuptake of serotonin
81
Serotonin syndrome
An idiosycratic complication that occurs with antidepressant therapy in which patients have lower extremity muscle rigidity, confusion, or disorientation, and/or agitation
82
Spice
An illicit drug consisting of a blend of synthetic cannabinoids
can produce delirium and other psychotic effects
83
Synergism
The action of two substances such as drugs in which the total effects are greater than the sum of the independent effects of the two substances
84
Tolerance
Physiologic adaptation to the effects of a drug such that increasingly larger doses of the drug are required to achieve the same effect
85
Toxicologic emergencies
Medical emergencies caused by toxix agents such as poison
may be intentional or unintentional
86
Toxicology
The study of toxic or poisonous substances
87
Toxidrome
The syndrome like symptoms of any given class or groups of poisonous agents
88
Toxic
A poison or harmful substance produced by bacteria, animals, or plants
89
Tricyclic antidepressants (TCSs)
A group of drugs used to treat severe depression and manage pain, minimal dosing errors can causes toxic effects
90
Withdrawal syndrome
A predictable set of signs and symptoms usually involving altered CNS activity that occurs after the abrupt cessation of a drug or after rapidly decreasing the usual dosing of a drug
