Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Medical Emergencies Medications > Medications > Flashcards

Medications Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Diazepam (Valium) classification

A

Benzodiazepine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Diazepam (Valium) action:

A

Binds to the benzodiazepine receptor and enhances the effects of GABA. Benzodiazepines act at the level of the limbic, thalamic, and hypothalamic regions of the CNS and can produce any level of CNS depression required (including sedation, skeletal muscle relaxation, and anticonvulsant activity).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Diazepam (Valium) indications

A

Anxiety, skeletal muscle relaxation, alcohol withdrawal, seizures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Diazepam (Valium) adverse effects:

A

Respiratory repression, drowsiness, fatigue, headaches, pain at injection site, confusion, nausea, hypotension, oversedation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Diazepam (Valium) contraindications:

A

Children younger than 6 months

acute angle glaucoma

CNS depression

Alcohol intoxication

Allergy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Diazepam (Valium) dosage - adult anxiety

A

Moderate: 2-5 mg slow IV/IM

Severe: 5-10 mg slow IV/IM (no faster than 5 mg/min)

Low: Low dosages are often required for elderly or debilitated patients

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Diazepam (Valium) dose for acute alcohol withdrawal - adult

A

10 mg IV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Diazepam (Valium) adult seizure dose:

A

5-10 mg slow IV/IO every 10-15 minutes

MAX dose of 30 mg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Lorazepam trade name

A

Ativan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Lorazepam (Ativan) classification

A

Benzodiazepine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Lorazepam (Ativan) action

A

Binds to benzodiazepine receptor and enhances the effects of the brain chemical GABA, an inhibitory transmitter, and may result in hypnosis, skeletal muscle relaxation, anticonvulsant activity, coma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Lorazepam (Ativan) indications

A

Preprocedural sedation induction, anxiety, status epilepticus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Lorazepam (Ativan) adverse effects

A

Headache, drowsiness, ataxia (loss of muscle coordination), dizziness, amnesia, depression, dysarthria (Weakness in the muscles used for speech, which often causes slowed or slurred speech), euphoria, syncope, fatigue, tremor, vertigo,

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Lorazepam (Ativan) contraindications

A

Allergy to benzodiazepines, lorazepam, polyethylene glycol, propylene glycol, or benzyl alcohol

COPD

Sleep apnea

Shock

Coma

Acute-angle glaucoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Lorazepam (Ativan) adult seizure dosage

A

Adult: 2-4 mg IV/IO given over 2-5 minutes

May repeat in 10-15 minutes

MAX dose 8 mg in a 12 hour period

Pregnancy class D

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is phenytoin (Dilantin) for?

A

Anticonvulsant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is carba,azepine (Tegretol) for?

A

Anticonculsenat

Can also be prescribed for many other conditions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is Levetiracetam (Kepptra) for?

A

Anticonvulsant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is Gabapentin (Neurontin) for?

A

Anticonvulsant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Lamotragine (Lamictal)

A

Anticonvulsant, antimanic agent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is an osmotic diuretic

A

Osmotic diuretics pull fluid out of tissues and cells and move it into the vascular space, where excessive fluids can be filtered out in urine. In ICP it reduces water in the brain and decreases pressure.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Mannitol trade name

A

Osmitrol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Mannitol (Osmitrol) classification

A

Osmotic diuretic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Mannitol (Osmitrol) Action

A

facilitates the flow of fluid out of tissues (including the brain) and into interstitial fluid and blood, thereby dehydrating the brain and reducing swelling. Reabsorption by the kidney is minimal c consequently increasing urine output.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Mannitol (Osmitrol) indications

A

ICP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Mannitol (Osmitrol) adverse effects

A

Pulmonary edema, headache, blurred vision, dizziness, seizures, hypovolemia, nausea/vomiting, diarrhea, electrolyte imbalances, hypotension, hypertension, sinus tachycardia, premature ventricular contractions, angina, phlebitis (inflammation of a vein)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Mannitol (Osmitrol) contraindications

A

Active intracranial bleeding

heart failure

pulmonary edema

severe dehydration

Use with caution in hypovolemia and renal failure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Mannitol (Osmitrol) adult dose

A

0.25-1 g/kg IV/IO followed by 0.25-1 g/kg infused over 20-30 minutes administered every 4 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Hypertonic saline (3% saline) classification

A

volume expander

electrolyte solution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Hypertonic saline (3% saline) action

A

The hypertonic nature of this fluid pulls extravascular fluid into the vascular space. Hypertonic saline may therefore be used as a volume expander in cases of hypovolemia or to reduce edema of the swollen brain.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Hypertonic saline (3% saline) indications

A

Reduction of increased ICP resulting from TBI, hypovolemic shock

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Hypertonic saline (3% saline) contraindications

A

Pulmonary congestion

pulmonary edema

known hypersensitivity

Should NOT be administered by the IO route

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Hypertonic saline (3% saline) dosage adult

A

300 mL bag IV over 20 minutes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Phenytoin trade name

A

Dilantin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Phenytoin (Dilantin) classification

A

Anticonvulsant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Phenytoin (Dilantin) action

A

Depresses seizures by affecting the movement of sodium and calcium into neural tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Phenytoin (Dilantin) indications

A

Generalized tonic clonic seizures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Phenytoin (Dilantin) adverse effects

A

Nausea
Vomiting
depression of cardiac conduction
sedation
nystagmus
tremors
ataxia
dysarthria
gingival hypertrophy (gum enlargement)
hirsutism (male like hair growth in women)
facial coarsening
hypotension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Phenytoin (Dilantin) contraindications

A

Sinus bradycardia
Sinoatrial block
Second and third degree heart block
Adams-stokes syndrome
known sensitivity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Phenytoin (Dilantin) adult dosage

A

15-20 mg/kg IV slowly

Do not exceed 50 mg/min

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Phenytoin (Dilantin) special considerations

A

Continuously monitor the ECG and BP
Monitor IV site for infiltration
Pregnancy class D

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Midazolam trade name

A

Versed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Midazolam (Versed) classification

A

Benzodiazepine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Midazolam (Versed) action

A

Binds to the benzodiazepine receptor and enhances the effects of the brain chemical (neurotransmitter) GABA. Benzodiazepines act at the level of the limbic, thalamic, and hypothalamic regions of the CNS to produce short-acting CNS depression (including sedation, skeletal muscle relaxation, and anticonvulsant activity).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Midazolam (Versed) indications

A

sedation, anxiety, skeletal muscle relaxation

46
Q

Midazolam (Versed) adverse effects

A

respiratory depression
respiratory arrest
hypotension
Nausea
vomiting
headache
hiccups
cardiac arrest

47
Q

Midazolam (Versed) contraindications

A

Acute angle glaucoma
Pregnant women
Known hypersensitivity

48
Q

Midazolam (Versed) adult dosage

A

UNDER 60 Y/O: 1mg - 2.5 mg over 2 minutes

OVER 60 Y/O: 1mg - 1.5 mg over 2 minutes

Max dose of 5 mg

49
Q

Midazolam (Versed) maintenance infusion

A

0.02 - 0.1 mg/kg/min

50
Q

Mannitol trade name

A

Osmitrol

51
Q

Mannitol (Osmitrol) classification

A

Osmotic diuretic

52
Q

Mannitol (Osmitrol) action

A

Facilitates the flow of fluid out of tissues and blood dehydrating the brain and reducing swelling. Reabsorption by the kidney is minimal, increasing urine output

53
Q

Mannitol (Osmitrol) indications

A

Increased ICP

54
Q

Mannitol (Osmitrol) adverse effects

A

Pulmonary edema
headaches
blurred vision
dizziness
seizures
hypovolemia
nausea
vomiting
diarrhea
electrolyte imbalances
hypotension
hypertension
sinus tachycardia
PVCs
angina
phlibitis (inflammation of a vein)

55
Q

Mannitol (Osmitrol) contraindications

A

Active intracranial bleeding
CHF
Pulmonary edema
Severe dehydration
Use with caution in hypovolemia
Renal failure

56
Q

Mannitol (Osmitrol) adult dose

A

Adult

0.25 to 1 g/kg IV

Follow up with 0.25 to 1 g/kg infused over 20 - 30 minutes every 4 hours

57
Q

Mannitol (Osmitrol) special considerations

A

Do not give in same IV as blood

Pregnancy class C

58
Q

Methylprednisolone trade name

A

Solu-Medrol

59
Q

Methylprednisolone (Solu-Medrol) classification

A

Corticosteroid

60
Q

Methylprednisolone (Solu-Medrol) action

A

Reduces inflammation by multiple mechanisms

61
Q

Methylprednisolone (Solu-Medrol) indications

A

Anaphylaxis
Asthma
COPD

62
Q

Methylprednisolone (Solu-Medrol) adverse effects

A

Depression
Euphoria
headache
restlessness
hypertension
bradycardia
nausea
comiting
swelling
diarrhea
weakness
fluid retention
paresthesia (an abnormal sensation, typically tingling or pricking (“pins and needles”), caused chiefly by pressure on or damage to peripheral nerves.
)

63
Q

Methylprednisolone (Solu-Medrol) adult dose

A

Asthma and COPD
- 40-80 mg/day IV

Anaphylactic shock
- 0.5-1 mg/kg every 12 hours

64
Q

Methylprednisolone (Solu-Medrol) special considerations

A

May mask signs and symptoms of infection
Pregnancy class C

65
Q

Activated Charcoal classification

A

Antidote, absorbent

66
Q

Activated Charcoal action

A

when certain chemicals and toxins are in proximity to the activated charcoal the chemical will attach to the surface of the charcoal and become trapped

67
Q

Activated Charcoal indications

A

toxic ingestion

68
Q

Activated Charcoal adverse effects

A

Nausea/vomiting
constipation
poopy
If aspirated into the lungs, fatal pneumonitis

69
Q

Activated Charcoal contraindications

A

Acids
Alkalis
Ethanol
Methanol
Cyanide
Ferrous sulfate or other iron salts
lithium
coma
GI obstruction
Known minimally toxic ingestion

70
Q

Activated Charcoal dosage

A

Adult 50 - 100 g

Pedi 1 - 2 g/kg

71
Q

Activated Charcoal pregnancy class

A

Class C

72
Q

Sodium Bicarbonate classification

A

Electrolyte replacement

73
Q

Sodium Bicarbonate action

A

Counteracts existing acidosis

74
Q

Sodium Bicarbonate indications

A

Acidosis
Drug intoxications (barbituates, salicylates, methyl alcohol)

75
Q

Sodium Bicarbonate contraindications

A

Metabolic alkalosis
Hypocalcemia

76
Q

Sodium Bicarbonate dosage adult and pedi during cardiac arrest

A

1 mEq/kg slow IV

May repeat at 0.5 mEq/kg in 10 minutes

Pedi is the smae

77
Q

Naloxone trade name

A

Narcan

78
Q

Naloxone classification

A

Opioid antagonist

79
Q

Naloxone action

A

Binds to the opioid receptor and blocks the effects of narcoitcs

80
Q

Naloxone indications

A

Narcotic overdoses
Reversal of narcotics used for procedural-related anesthesia

81
Q

Naloxone adverse effects

A

Nausea/comiting
restlessness
diaphoresis
tachycardia
hypertension
tremulousness
seizures
cardiac arrest
narcotic withdrawal

82
Q

Naloxone contraindications

A

Known sensitivity

83
Q

Naloxone dosage

A

Adult 0.4 - 2 mg IV/IO/IM/IN

84
Q

Haloperidol trade name

A

Haldol

85
Q

Haloperidol (Haldol) classification

A

Antipsychotic agent

86
Q

Haloperidol (Haldol) agent

A

Selectively blocks postsynaptic dopamine receptors

87
Q

Haloperidol (Haldol) indications

A

Psychotic disorders

88
Q

Haloperidol (Haldol) adverse effects

A

Drowsiness
Tardrive dyskinesia
hypotention
hypertension
VT
sinus tachycardia
QT prolongation
Torsafes de pointes

89
Q

Haloperidol (Haldol) contraindications

A

Depressed mental status
Parkinson

90
Q

Haloperidol (Haldol) adult dose

A

Mild agitation: 0.5 - 2 mg orally

Moderate agitation: 5 - 10 mg PO or IM

Severe agitation: 10 mg PO or IM

91
Q

Haloperidol (Haldol) special considerations

A

Pregnancy Class C

92
Q

Glucagon classification

A

hormone

93
Q

Glucagon action

A

Converts glycogen to glucose

94
Q

Glucagon indications

A

Hypoglycemia
Beta-blocker overdose

95
Q

Glucagon adverse effects

A

Nausea
Vomiting
rebound hyperglycemia
hypotension
sinus tachycardia

96
Q

Glucagon contraindications

A

Pheochromocytoma (Pheochromocytoma is a type of neuroendocrine tumor that grows from cells called chromaffin cells.)

Known sensitivity

97
Q

Glucagon dosage adult

A

Hypoglycemia
-adult: 1 mg IM, IV, IO

Beta-blocker overdose
-adult: 3 - 10 mg IV, IO over 1 minute
-followed by a second dose of 10 mg IV is symptoms of bradycardia and hypotension recur

98
Q

Glucagon special considerations

A

Pregnancy class B

Most people vomit after administration of Glucagon

99
Q

Pralidoxime trade names

A

2-PAM
Protopam

100
Q

Pralidoxime (2-PAM, Protopam) classification

A

Cholinergic agonist/antidote

101
Q

Pralidoxime (2-PAM, Protopam) action

A

reactivates chlinesterase

102
Q

Pralidoxime (2-PAM, Protopam) indications

A

Toxicity from nere agents (organophosphates) having cholinesterase activity

103
Q

Pralidoxime (2-PAM, Protopam) adverse effects

A

Dizziness
blurred vision
hypertension
diplopia (double vision/seeing double)
hyperventilation
laryngospasm
nausea.comiting
sinus tachycardia

104
Q

Pralidoxime (2-PAM, Protopam) contraindications

A

Myasthenia gravis
renal failure
inability to control the airway

105
Q

Pralidoxime (2-PAM, Protopam) adult dosage

A

1-2 g diluted in 100 mL NS over 15-30 minute period.

Autoinjector
-600 mg IM every 15 minutes

106
Q

Atropine Sulfate for Nerve Agent or Organophosphate Poisoning classification

A

Anticholinergic (Antimuscarinic)

107
Q

Atropine Sulfate for Nerve Agent or Organophosphate Poisoning action

A

Competes reversibly with acetylcholine at the site of the muscarinic receptor

receptors affected in order from the most sensitive to the least sensitive include salivary, bronchial, sweat glands, eye, heart, and GI tract

108
Q

Atropine Sulfate for Nerve Agent or Organophosphate Poisoning indications

A

Nerve agent exposure
Organophosphate poisoning

109
Q

Atropine Sulfate for Nerve Agent or Organophosphate Poisoning adverse effects

A

Decreased secretions resulting in dry mouth and hot skin temperature
Intense facial flushing
Blurred vision or dilated pupils with photophobia
Tachycardia
Restlessness

110
Q

Atropine Sulfate for Nerve Agent or Organophosphate Poisoning contraindications

A

Acute MI
Myasthenia gravis
GI obstruction
glaucoma
sensitivity to atropine, belladonna alkalosis, or sulfates

111
Q

Atropine Sulfate for Nerve Agent or Organophosphate Poisoning dosage adult

A

1 - 6 mg IV, IM

repeat as needed every 5 minutes

Will require a massive amount of atropine, more than you have on your truck

Medical Emergencies Medications (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions