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Medications Flashcards

1
Q

Diazepam (Valium) classification

A

Benzodiazepine

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2
Q

Diazepam (Valium) action:

A

Binds to the benzodiazepine receptor and enhances the effects of GABA. Benzodiazepines act at the level of the limbic, thalamic, and hypothalamic regions of the CNS and can produce any level of CNS depression required (including sedation, skeletal muscle relaxation, and anticonvulsant activity).

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3
Q

Diazepam (Valium) indications

A

Anxiety, skeletal muscle relaxation, alcohol withdrawal, seizures

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4
Q

Diazepam (Valium) adverse effects:

A

Respiratory repression, drowsiness, fatigue, headaches, pain at injection site, confusion, nausea, hypotension, oversedation

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5
Q

Diazepam (Valium) contraindications:

A

Children younger than 6 months

acute angle glaucoma

CNS depression

Alcohol intoxication

Allergy

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6
Q

Diazepam (Valium) dosage - adult anxiety

A

Moderate: 2-5 mg slow IV/IM

Severe: 5-10 mg slow IV/IM (no faster than 5 mg/min)

Low: Low dosages are often required for elderly or debilitated patients

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7
Q

Diazepam (Valium) dose for acute alcohol withdrawal - adult

A

10 mg IV

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8
Q

Diazepam (Valium) adult seizure dose:

A

5-10 mg slow IV/IO every 10-15 minutes

MAX dose of 30 mg

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9
Q

Lorazepam trade name

A

Ativan

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10
Q

Lorazepam (Ativan) classification

A

Benzodiazepine

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11
Q

Lorazepam (Ativan) action

A

Binds to benzodiazepine receptor and enhances the effects of the brain chemical GABA, an inhibitory transmitter, and may result in hypnosis, skeletal muscle relaxation, anticonvulsant activity, coma

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12
Q

Lorazepam (Ativan) indications

A

Preprocedural sedation induction, anxiety, status epilepticus

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13
Q

Lorazepam (Ativan) adverse effects

A

Headache, drowsiness, ataxia (loss of muscle coordination), dizziness, amnesia, depression, dysarthria (Weakness in the muscles used for speech, which often causes slowed or slurred speech), euphoria, syncope, fatigue, tremor, vertigo,

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14
Q

Lorazepam (Ativan) contraindications

A

Allergy to benzodiazepines, lorazepam, polyethylene glycol, propylene glycol, or benzyl alcohol

COPD

Sleep apnea

Shock

Coma

Acute-angle glaucoma

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15
Q

Lorazepam (Ativan) adult seizure dosage

A

Adult: 2-4 mg IV/IO given over 2-5 minutes

May repeat in 10-15 minutes

MAX dose 8 mg in a 12 hour period

Pregnancy class D

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16
Q

What is phenytoin (Dilantin) for?

A

Anticonvulsant

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17
Q

What is carba,azepine (Tegretol) for?

A

Anticonculsenat

Can also be prescribed for many other conditions

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18
Q

What is Levetiracetam (Kepptra) for?

A

Anticonvulsant

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19
Q

What is Gabapentin (Neurontin) for?

A

Anticonvulsant

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20
Q

Lamotragine (Lamictal)

A

Anticonvulsant, antimanic agent

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21
Q

What is an osmotic diuretic

A

Osmotic diuretics pull fluid out of tissues and cells and move it into the vascular space, where excessive fluids can be filtered out in urine. In ICP it reduces water in the brain and decreases pressure.

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22
Q

Mannitol trade name

A

Osmitrol

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23
Q

Mannitol (Osmitrol) classification

A

Osmotic diuretic

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24
Q

Mannitol (Osmitrol) Action

A

facilitates the flow of fluid out of tissues (including the brain) and into interstitial fluid and blood, thereby dehydrating the brain and reducing swelling. Reabsorption by the kidney is minimal c consequently increasing urine output.

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25
Mannitol (Osmitrol) indications
ICP
26
Mannitol (Osmitrol) adverse effects
Pulmonary edema, headache, blurred vision, dizziness, seizures, hypovolemia, nausea/vomiting, diarrhea, electrolyte imbalances, hypotension, hypertension, sinus tachycardia, premature ventricular contractions, angina, phlebitis (inflammation of a vein)
27
Mannitol (Osmitrol) contraindications
Active intracranial bleeding heart failure pulmonary edema severe dehydration Use with caution in hypovolemia and renal failure
28
Mannitol (Osmitrol) adult dose
0.25-1 g/kg IV/IO followed by 0.25-1 g/kg infused over 20-30 minutes administered every 4 hours
29
Hypertonic saline (3% saline) classification
volume expander electrolyte solution
30
Hypertonic saline (3% saline) action
The hypertonic nature of this fluid pulls extravascular fluid into the vascular space. Hypertonic saline may therefore be used as a volume expander in cases of hypovolemia or to reduce edema of the swollen brain.
31
Hypertonic saline (3% saline) indications
Reduction of increased ICP resulting from TBI, hypovolemic shock
32
Hypertonic saline (3% saline) contraindications
Pulmonary congestion pulmonary edema known hypersensitivity Should NOT be administered by the IO route
33
Hypertonic saline (3% saline) dosage adult
300 mL bag IV over 20 minutes
34
Phenytoin trade name
Dilantin
35
Phenytoin (Dilantin) classification
Anticonvulsant
36
Phenytoin (Dilantin) action
Depresses seizures by affecting the movement of sodium and calcium into neural tissues
37
Phenytoin (Dilantin) indications
Generalized tonic clonic seizures
38
Phenytoin (Dilantin) adverse effects
Nausea Vomiting depression of cardiac conduction sedation nystagmus tremors ataxia dysarthria gingival hypertrophy (gum enlargement) hirsutism (male like hair growth in women) facial coarsening hypotension
39
Phenytoin (Dilantin) contraindications
Sinus bradycardia Sinoatrial block Second and third degree heart block Adams-stokes syndrome known sensitivity
40
Phenytoin (Dilantin) adult dosage
15-20 mg/kg IV slowly Do not exceed 50 mg/min
41
Phenytoin (Dilantin) special considerations
Continuously monitor the ECG and BP Monitor IV site for infiltration Pregnancy class D
42
Midazolam trade name
Versed
43
Midazolam (Versed) classification
Benzodiazepine
44
Midazolam (Versed) action
Binds to the benzodiazepine receptor and enhances the effects of the brain chemical (neurotransmitter) GABA. Benzodiazepines act at the level of the limbic, thalamic, and hypothalamic regions of the CNS to produce short-acting CNS depression (including sedation, skeletal muscle relaxation, and anticonvulsant activity).
45
Midazolam (Versed) indications
sedation, anxiety, skeletal muscle relaxation
46
Midazolam (Versed) adverse effects
respiratory depression respiratory arrest hypotension Nausea vomiting headache hiccups cardiac arrest
47
Midazolam (Versed) contraindications
Acute angle glaucoma Pregnant women Known hypersensitivity
48
Midazolam (Versed) adult dosage
UNDER 60 Y/O: 1mg - 2.5 mg over 2 minutes OVER 60 Y/O: 1mg - 1.5 mg over 2 minutes Max dose of 5 mg
49
Midazolam (Versed) maintenance infusion
0.02 - 0.1 mg/kg/min
50
Mannitol trade name
Osmitrol
51
Mannitol (Osmitrol) classification
Osmotic diuretic
52
Mannitol (Osmitrol) action
Facilitates the flow of fluid out of tissues and blood dehydrating the brain and reducing swelling. Reabsorption by the kidney is minimal, increasing urine output
53
Mannitol (Osmitrol) indications
Increased ICP
54
Mannitol (Osmitrol) adverse effects
Pulmonary edema headaches blurred vision dizziness seizures hypovolemia nausea vomiting diarrhea electrolyte imbalances hypotension hypertension sinus tachycardia PVCs angina phlibitis (inflammation of a vein)
55
Mannitol (Osmitrol) contraindications
Active intracranial bleeding CHF Pulmonary edema Severe dehydration Use with caution in hypovolemia Renal failure
56
Mannitol (Osmitrol) adult dose
Adult 0.25 to 1 g/kg IV Follow up with 0.25 to 1 g/kg infused over 20 - 30 minutes every 4 hours
57
Mannitol (Osmitrol) special considerations
Do not give in same IV as blood Pregnancy class C
58
Methylprednisolone trade name
Solu-Medrol
59
Methylprednisolone (Solu-Medrol) classification
Corticosteroid
60
Methylprednisolone (Solu-Medrol) action
Reduces inflammation by multiple mechanisms
61
Methylprednisolone (Solu-Medrol) indications
Anaphylaxis Asthma COPD
62
Methylprednisolone (Solu-Medrol) adverse effects
Depression Euphoria headache restlessness hypertension bradycardia nausea comiting swelling diarrhea weakness fluid retention paresthesia (an abnormal sensation, typically tingling or pricking (“pins and needles”), caused chiefly by pressure on or damage to peripheral nerves. )
63
Methylprednisolone (Solu-Medrol) adult dose
Asthma and COPD - 40-80 mg/day IV Anaphylactic shock - 0.5-1 mg/kg every 12 hours
64
Methylprednisolone (Solu-Medrol) special considerations
May mask signs and symptoms of infection Pregnancy class C
65
Activated Charcoal classification
Antidote, absorbent
66
Activated Charcoal action
when certain chemicals and toxins are in proximity to the activated charcoal the chemical will attach to the surface of the charcoal and become trapped
67
Activated Charcoal indications
toxic ingestion
68
Activated Charcoal adverse effects
Nausea/vomiting constipation poopy If aspirated into the lungs, fatal pneumonitis
69
Activated Charcoal contraindications
Acids Alkalis Ethanol Methanol Cyanide Ferrous sulfate or other iron salts lithium coma GI obstruction Known minimally toxic ingestion
70
Activated Charcoal dosage
Adult 50 - 100 g Pedi 1 - 2 g/kg
71
Activated Charcoal pregnancy class
Class C
72
Sodium Bicarbonate classification
Electrolyte replacement
73
Sodium Bicarbonate action
Counteracts existing acidosis
74
Sodium Bicarbonate indications
Acidosis Drug intoxications (barbituates, salicylates, methyl alcohol)
75
Sodium Bicarbonate contraindications
Metabolic alkalosis Hypocalcemia
76
Sodium Bicarbonate dosage adult and pedi during cardiac arrest
1 mEq/kg slow IV May repeat at 0.5 mEq/kg in 10 minutes Pedi is the smae
77
Naloxone trade name
Narcan
78
Naloxone classification
Opioid antagonist
79
Naloxone action
Binds to the opioid receptor and blocks the effects of narcoitcs
80
Naloxone indications
Narcotic overdoses Reversal of narcotics used for procedural-related anesthesia
81
Naloxone adverse effects
Nausea/comiting restlessness diaphoresis tachycardia hypertension tremulousness seizures cardiac arrest narcotic withdrawal
82
Naloxone contraindications
Known sensitivity
83
Naloxone dosage
Adult 0.4 - 2 mg IV/IO/IM/IN
84
Haloperidol trade name
Haldol
85
Haloperidol (Haldol) classification
Antipsychotic agent
86
Haloperidol (Haldol) agent
Selectively blocks postsynaptic dopamine receptors
87
Haloperidol (Haldol) indications
Psychotic disorders
88
Haloperidol (Haldol) adverse effects
Drowsiness Tardrive dyskinesia hypotention hypertension VT sinus tachycardia QT prolongation Torsafes de pointes
89
Haloperidol (Haldol) contraindications
Depressed mental status Parkinson
90
Haloperidol (Haldol) adult dose
Mild agitation: 0.5 - 2 mg orally Moderate agitation: 5 - 10 mg PO or IM Severe agitation: 10 mg PO or IM
91
Haloperidol (Haldol) special considerations
Pregnancy Class C
92
Glucagon classification
hormone
93
Glucagon action
Converts glycogen to glucose
94
Glucagon indications
Hypoglycemia Beta-blocker overdose
95
Glucagon adverse effects
Nausea Vomiting rebound hyperglycemia hypotension sinus tachycardia
96
Glucagon contraindications
Pheochromocytoma (Pheochromocytoma is a type of neuroendocrine tumor that grows from cells called chromaffin cells.) Known sensitivity
97
Glucagon dosage adult
Hypoglycemia -adult: 1 mg IM, IV, IO Beta-blocker overdose -adult: 3 - 10 mg IV, IO over 1 minute -followed by a second dose of 10 mg IV is symptoms of bradycardia and hypotension recur
98
Glucagon special considerations
Pregnancy class B Most people vomit after administration of Glucagon
99
Pralidoxime trade names
2-PAM Protopam
100
Pralidoxime (2-PAM, Protopam) classification
Cholinergic agonist/antidote
101
Pralidoxime (2-PAM, Protopam) action
reactivates chlinesterase
102
Pralidoxime (2-PAM, Protopam) indications
Toxicity from nere agents (organophosphates) having cholinesterase activity
103
Pralidoxime (2-PAM, Protopam) adverse effects
Dizziness blurred vision hypertension diplopia (double vision/seeing double) hyperventilation laryngospasm nausea.comiting sinus tachycardia
104
Pralidoxime (2-PAM, Protopam) contraindications
Myasthenia gravis renal failure inability to control the airway
105
Pralidoxime (2-PAM, Protopam) adult dosage
1-2 g diluted in 100 mL NS over 15-30 minute period. Autoinjector -600 mg IM every 15 minutes
106
Atropine Sulfate for Nerve Agent or Organophosphate Poisoning classification
Anticholinergic (Antimuscarinic)
107
Atropine Sulfate for Nerve Agent or Organophosphate Poisoning action
Competes reversibly with acetylcholine at the site of the muscarinic receptor receptors affected in order from the most sensitive to the least sensitive include salivary, bronchial, sweat glands, eye, heart, and GI tract
108
Atropine Sulfate for Nerve Agent or Organophosphate Poisoning indications
Nerve agent exposure Organophosphate poisoning
109
Atropine Sulfate for Nerve Agent or Organophosphate Poisoning adverse effects
Decreased secretions resulting in dry mouth and hot skin temperature Intense facial flushing Blurred vision or dilated pupils with photophobia Tachycardia Restlessness
110
Atropine Sulfate for Nerve Agent or Organophosphate Poisoning contraindications
Acute MI Myasthenia gravis GI obstruction glaucoma sensitivity to atropine, belladonna alkalosis, or sulfates
111
Atropine Sulfate for Nerve Agent or Organophosphate Poisoning dosage adult
1 - 6 mg IV, IM repeat as needed every 5 minutes Will require a massive amount of atropine, more than you have on your truck

Medical Emergencies Medications (5 decks)

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