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Haz Tac Basic > TOXICOLOGY > Flashcards

TOXICOLOGY Flashcards

1
Q

What makes a chemical Toxic?

A

The ability to cause harm

Three Factors:

  1. Chemical Structure (Toxicity)
  2. Amount absorbed (Dose)
  3. Bodies ability to handle (Response)
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2
Q

Toxic vs. Hazardous

A 
Toxic= Harmful
Hazardous = Likely to Harm
Toxic: How much is required
Route: How it enters the body
Dose: How much got in
Duration: Time of exposure
Interaction: Reaction with other substances
Sensitivity: Reaction
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3
Q

What is the most important factor in toxicity?

A

Structure

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4
Q

What are the routes of exposure?

A

Inhalation
Absorption
Ingestion
Injection

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5
Q

What body system is classified when a substance was swallowed or ingested

A

Respiratory

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6
Q

What is effected when inhailed?

A

Lungs and airway

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7
Q

What are some inhalation hazards?

A

Gases, Vapors, Mist and Particles
Vapors from ingested products
May enter the bloodstream causing systemic effects

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8
Q

What does Polar mean?

A

There is a charge

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9
Q

What do polar toxins tend to irritate?

A

Upper airway

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10
Q

What do non-Polar toxins tent to affect?

A

air sacks (alveoli)

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11
Q

what is the level of damage due to inhaling particulates?

A

> 30 microns- Upper Airway (Throat, nose)
5-30 Microns- Middle airways (Bronchi)
0.5 - 5 microns- Air Sacks (Alveoli)
<0.5 microns- acts as a gas

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12
Q

What does NCPE Stand for?

A

Non- Cardiac Pulmonary Edema

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13
Q

What is NCPE?

A

Fluid build up in the lungs not attributed to heart failure or pulmonary hypertension

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14
Q

Will medicating the patient change the status of the fluids in the lungs lungs with NCPE?

A

No

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15
Q

How correct NCPE?

A

Physically moving the fluids via increasing pressure (CPAP, BVM)

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16
Q

What are the causes of NCPE in Tox?

A

Physical Destruction

Chemical Destruction

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17
Q

What is the least common route of exposure?

A

Ingestion

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18
Q

What are the complications with Ingestion?

A

May cause damage to the GI Tract

May be absorbed into the blood stream

May be excreted without harm

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19
Q

What happens when a chemical enters the body?

A

It can be used

It can be stored

It can be eliminated

20
Q

What are the types of elimination?

A

Exhalation

Precipitation

Urination

Defecation

Vomiting

Lacrimation

21
Q

What is a chemicals half life?

A

The time required for the activity of a substance taken into the body to lose one half its initial effectiveness.

22
Q

What is Latency?

A

Delayed Onset

23
Q

What are the toxic effects?

A

Acute- One time severe exposure

Subacute- moderate exposure levels over several encounters

Chronic- low level exposures generally occurring over a long period of time

24
Q

What is reaction?

A

2 or more chemicals reacting to form new compounds

Bleach and ammonia turn to chloramine

25
Q

What is Interaction

A

You being exposed to more than one compound

Additive- 1+1=2
Synergism- 1+1=3
Antagonism- 1+1= 0.5

26
Q

What is a toxin?

A

A toxin technically is a product of a living microorganism

27
Q

What is a toxicant

A

Man made product

28
Q

What is a poison?

A

a material that causes harm in small amounts

29
Q

What is a local response?

A

A local response usually causes damage at the point of contact with the body (On skin location)

30
Q

What is a systemic response?

A

A systemic response may or may not cause any damage at point of contact but will enter the body and move to a target organ or system where the damage will occur

31
Q

What is a Hemotoxin?

A

Attack the blood components

32
Q

What are Necrotics?

A

Corrosives that destroy tissue

33
Q

What are Neurotoxins?

A

Attack the nervous system

34
Q

What are asphyxiants?

A

deprive cells of oxygen or their ability to use oxygen

35
Q

What are carcinogens?

A

Cause cancer

36
Q

In terminology, what does “L” stand for?

A

Lethal

37
Q

In terminology, what does “T” Stand for?

A

Toxic

38
Q

In Terminology, what does “D” Stand for?

A

Dose

39
Q

In terminology, what does “C” Stand for?

A

Concentration

40
Q

In terminology, what does “xx” stand for?

A

Affected test population

41
Q

What are some possible clues to exposure?

A 
Odor
Taste
Irritation
Symptoms
Settled dust or mist
Particles in nose or mucous membrane
42
Q

What do muscarinic effects tend to dominate?

A

Bradycardia
Bronchospasm
SLUDGEM
Blurred Vision

43
Q

What does SLUDGEM Stand for?

A

Salivation - The secretion of Saliva
Lacrimation- The secretion of tears
Urination- The secretion of Urination
Deification- Uncontrollable bowel movement
GI - abdominal pain
Emesis - Vomiting
Muscle activity (Miosis)- Constricting pupils

44
Q

What is the cellular energy cycle and their respective ATP contribution?

A 
Glycolysis (2 ATP)
Krebs Cycle (2 ATP)
Oxidative phosphorylation (32 ATP)
45
Q

What do corrosives cause?

A

Irritation and burns to skin, eyes and respiratory system. Burns result in tissue sloughing similar to thermal burns.

46
Q

Treatment for corrosive burns?

A 
Remove patient to safety
Remove contaminated clothing
Give oxygen and support respiration, intubation, PEEP/PPV if necessary. 
Irrigate eyes
Cover burns per local protocol
Treat for shock
Brochiodialtors may be useful
47
Q

What are hydrocarbons?

A

Explosives

Haz Tac Basic (10 decks)

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