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Haz Tac Basic > Street Chemestry > Flashcards

Street Chemestry Flashcards

Class Day 3

1
Q

What is a Hazardous Material?

A

A SUBSTANCE THAT WHEN RELEASED IS CAPABLE OF CREATING HARM TO PEOPLE, ANIMALS, THE ENVIRONMENT AND PROPERTY

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2
Q

3 STATES OF MATTER

A

SOLID
LIQUID
GAS

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3
Q

SOLID BASICS

A

SPECIFIC MASS
SPECIFIC VOLUME
SPECIFIC SHAPE

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4
Q

LIQUID BASICS

A

SPECIFIC MASS
SPECIFIC VOLUME
NO SPECIFIC SHAPE

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5
Q

GAS BASICS

A

SPECIFIC MASS
NO SPECIFIC VOLUME
NO SPECIFIC SHAPE

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6
Q

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

A

CAN EASILY BE OBSERVED OR MEASURED

ETC: APPEARANCE, COLOR, TEXTURE, ODOR, MELTING POINT, BOILING POINT, DENSITY, SOLUBILITY, POLARITY

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7
Q

VARIABLES THAT INFLUENCE PHYSICAL STATE

A 
TEMPERATURE
ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
MOLECULAR SHAPE
POLARITY
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8
Q

WHAT ARE THE AMBIENT CONDITIONS?

A

68 DEGREES FAHRENHEIT AND AT SEA LEVEL

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9
Q

MEASUREMENTS OF VAPOR PRODUCTS

A

%- IS FLAMMABLE

PPM - IS TOXIC PRODUCTS

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10
Q

ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE IS EQUAL TO…

A 
1 ATMOSPHERE= 
1 ATM
14.7 PSI
760 mm/Hg
1 BAR
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11
Q

WHAT IS EVAPORATION

A

SURFACE PHENOMENON

AS SURFACE AREA INCREASES, EVAPORATION RATE INCREASES

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12
Q

WHAT IS BOILING POINT?

A

AT THE BOILING POINT, MOLECULES ANYWHERE IN THE LIQUID MAY BE VAPORIZED. RESULTING IN THE FORMATION OF VAPOR BUBBLES

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13
Q

WHAT IS CONDENSATION?

A

GAS TO LIQUID

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14
Q

WHAT IS MELTING POINT?

A

TEMPERATURE AT WHICH A SOLID TURNS INTO A LIQUID.

THE TEMPERATURE AT WHICH A SUBSTANCE FREEZES IS THE SAME AS ITS MELTING POINT

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15
Q

WHAT IS THE FREEZING POINT?

A

THE TEMPERATURE AT WHICH A SUBSTANCE FREEZES, TURING FROM A LIQUID TO A SOLID

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16
Q

WHAT IS SUBLIMATION?

A

WHEN A SOLID TURNS TO A GAS WITH NO LIQUID STAGE

DRY ICE

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17
Q

WHAT IS SOLUBILITY?

A

THE ABILITY OF A SUBSTANCE TO DISSOLVE INTO ANOTHER SUBSTANCE OF MATERIAL. THIS IS CALLED A SATURATED SOLUTION.

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18
Q

WHAT IS MISCIBLE?

A

IT WILL BLEND WITH WATER

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19
Q

WHAT IS IMISCIBLE?

A

IT WILL NOT BLEND WITH WATER

20
Q

WHAT IS SPECIFIC GRAVITY?

A

A PHYSICAL PROPERTY THAT TELLS US WHETHER A LIQUID WILL FLOAT OR SINK.

SPECIFIC GRAVITY OF WATER IS 1.0

IF THE SG IS GREATER THAT 1.0, IT WILL SINK
IF THE SG IS LESS THAN 1.0, IT WILL FLOAT.

EXAMPLE ( OIL HAS A SG LESS THAN 1, IT FLOATS)

21
Q

WHAT IS VISCOSITY?

A

HOW MUCH A LIQUID RESISTS FLOWING

THE MORE VISCOUS THE MATERIAL, THE LESS ITS GOING TO FLOW
THE less VISCOUS, THE MORE IT WILL FLOW.

22
Q

WHAT IS VAPOR PRESSURE?

A

MEASURE OF THE ABILITY OF A LIQUID TO CHANGE INTO VAPOR OR GAS

0-760mm/Hg IS LIQUID
LESS THAN 0 IS SOLID
GREATER THAN 760mm/Hg is a Gas

23
Q

HOW DOES VAPOR PRESSURE INCREASE?

A

INCREASE IN TEMPERATURE
INCREASE IN CONCENTRATION
DECREASE IN ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE

24
Q

WHAT IS THE BOILING POINT OF A SUBSTANCE?

A

VAPOR PRESSURE OF THAT SUBSTANCE IS EQUAL TO 760mm/Hg

25
Q

WHAT IS THE VAPOR PRESSURE OF WATER?

A

25mm/Hg

26
Q

WHICH STATE IS PERSISTENT?

A

SOLID

27
Q

WHICH STATE IS VOLITILE?

A

GAS

28
Q

WHAT IS VAPOR DENSITY/ RELATIVE GAS DENSITY (RgasD)?

A

A PHYSICAL PROPERTY THAT TELLS US WHETHER A GAS VAPOR WILL RISE OR SINK

29
Q

WHAT IS THE VAPOR DENSITY OF AIR?

A

1.0

IF THE VD IS GREATER THAN 1.0, IT WILL SINK
IT THE VD IS LESS THAN 1.0 IT WILL RISE

30
Q

WHAT IS MOLECULAR WEIGHT?

A

COMPARES GASSES/ VAPORS TO AIR TO DETERMINE IF A GAS WILL RISE OR SINK

31
Q

WHAT IS THE MOLECULAR WEIGHT OF AIR?

A

29.0

32
Q

WHAT IS THE FLASH POINT?

A

THE LOWEST TEMPERATURE AT WHICH A LIQUID GIVES OFF SUFFICIENT VAPOR TO FLASH AT ITS SURFACE BUT NOT CONTINUE TO BURN

IT NEEDS IGNITION, FUEL, OXYGEN.

IT WILL CATCH BUT NOT SUSTAIN FLAME

33
Q

WHAT IS THE FIRE POINT?

A

THE LOWEST TEMPERATURE AT WHICH A LIQUID PRODUCES SUFFICIENT VAPOR TO FLASH AND CONTINUE TO BURN

WILL CATCH AND WILL SUSTAIN FLAME

34
Q

WHAT IS THE IGNITION/ AUTO IGNITION TEMPERATURE

A

THE TEMPERATURE TO WHICH A SUBSTANCE WILL SPONTANEOUSLY BURN INDEPENDENT OF A FLAME

AIR REACTIVE- NEEDS NO FLAME

35
Q

WHAT IS THE LOWER EXPLOSIVE LIMIT? (LEL)

A

THE LOWEST CONCENTRATION OF A SUBSTANCE THAT WILL BURN OR EXPLODE WHEN AN IGNITION SOURCE IS PRESENT

36
Q

WHAT IS THE UPPER EXPLOSIVE LIMIT? (UEL)

A

THE HIGHEST CONCENTRATION OF A SUBSTANCE THAT WILL BURN OR EXPLODE WHEN AN IGNITION SOURCE IS PRESENT

37
Q

WHAT DOES BLEVE STAND FOR?

A

BOILING LIQUID EXPANDING VAPOR EXPLOSION

38
Q

WHAT IS POLYMERIZATION?

A

THE PROCESS OF COMBINING SINGLE CHEMICAL UNITS: MONOMERS TO FORM LARGER CHEMICALS UNIT CALLED POLYMERS

REACTIONS ARE CONTROLLED BY CATALYSTS AND INHIBITORS

39
Q

WHAT ARE CATALYSTS?

A

SUBSTANCES THAT CAN START THE POLYMERIZATION PROCESS AND CONTROL ITS SPEED

40
Q

WHAT IS AN INHIBITOR?

A

SUBSTANCES ADDED TO MONOMERS TO PREVENT THEM FROM POLYMERIZING

SAME WORD AS STABILIZED

41
Q

WHAT IS PYROPHORIC?

A

A SUBSTANCE THAT IGNITES SPONTANEOUSLY IN THE AIR

42
Q

WHAT IS CRYOGENIC?

A

CRYOGENICS HAVE LOW TEMPERATURES (BELOW 130 DEGREES FAHRENHEIT)’

MAY CAUSE FROSTBITE

43
Q

WHAT IS HYPERGOLOC?

A

WHEN HIGHLY REACTIVE MATERIALS ARE MIXED WITH ONE ANOTHER AND SPONTANEOUSLY IGNITE

44
Q

WHAT IS WATER REACTIVE?

A

DANGEROUS WHEN WET BECAUSE OF CHEMICAL REACTION WITH WATER

45
Q

WHAT IS AN OXYDIZER?

A

MAKES FIRE BURN LONGER, HOTTER, FASTER

Haz Tac Basic (10 decks)

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