Street Chemestry Flashcards
Class Day 3
What is a Hazardous Material?
A SUBSTANCE THAT WHEN RELEASED IS CAPABLE OF CREATING HARM TO PEOPLE, ANIMALS, THE ENVIRONMENT AND PROPERTY
3 STATES OF MATTER
SOLID
LIQUID
GAS
SOLID BASICS
SPECIFIC MASS
SPECIFIC VOLUME
SPECIFIC SHAPE
LIQUID BASICS
SPECIFIC MASS
SPECIFIC VOLUME
NO SPECIFIC SHAPE
GAS BASICS
SPECIFIC MASS
NO SPECIFIC VOLUME
NO SPECIFIC SHAPE
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
CAN EASILY BE OBSERVED OR MEASURED
ETC: APPEARANCE, COLOR, TEXTURE, ODOR, MELTING POINT, BOILING POINT, DENSITY, SOLUBILITY, POLARITY
VARIABLES THAT INFLUENCE PHYSICAL STATE
TEMPERATURE ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE MOLECULAR WEIGHT MOLECULAR SHAPE POLARITY
WHAT ARE THE AMBIENT CONDITIONS?
68 DEGREES FAHRENHEIT AND AT SEA LEVEL
MEASUREMENTS OF VAPOR PRODUCTS
%- IS FLAMMABLE
PPM - IS TOXIC PRODUCTS
ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE IS EQUAL TO…
1 ATMOSPHERE= 1 ATM 14.7 PSI 760 mm/Hg 1 BAR
WHAT IS EVAPORATION
SURFACE PHENOMENON
AS SURFACE AREA INCREASES, EVAPORATION RATE INCREASES
WHAT IS BOILING POINT?
AT THE BOILING POINT, MOLECULES ANYWHERE IN THE LIQUID MAY BE VAPORIZED. RESULTING IN THE FORMATION OF VAPOR BUBBLES
WHAT IS CONDENSATION?
GAS TO LIQUID
WHAT IS MELTING POINT?
TEMPERATURE AT WHICH A SOLID TURNS INTO A LIQUID.
THE TEMPERATURE AT WHICH A SUBSTANCE FREEZES IS THE SAME AS ITS MELTING POINT
WHAT IS THE FREEZING POINT?
THE TEMPERATURE AT WHICH A SUBSTANCE FREEZES, TURING FROM A LIQUID TO A SOLID
WHAT IS SUBLIMATION?
WHEN A SOLID TURNS TO A GAS WITH NO LIQUID STAGE
DRY ICE
WHAT IS SOLUBILITY?
THE ABILITY OF A SUBSTANCE TO DISSOLVE INTO ANOTHER SUBSTANCE OF MATERIAL. THIS IS CALLED A SATURATED SOLUTION.
WHAT IS MISCIBLE?
IT WILL BLEND WITH WATER
WHAT IS IMISCIBLE?
IT WILL NOT BLEND WITH WATER
WHAT IS SPECIFIC GRAVITY?
A PHYSICAL PROPERTY THAT TELLS US WHETHER A LIQUID WILL FLOAT OR SINK.
SPECIFIC GRAVITY OF WATER IS 1.0
IF THE SG IS GREATER THAT 1.0, IT WILL SINK
IF THE SG IS LESS THAN 1.0, IT WILL FLOAT.
EXAMPLE ( OIL HAS A SG LESS THAN 1, IT FLOATS)
WHAT IS VISCOSITY?
HOW MUCH A LIQUID RESISTS FLOWING
THE MORE VISCOUS THE MATERIAL, THE LESS ITS GOING TO FLOW
THE less VISCOUS, THE MORE IT WILL FLOW.
WHAT IS VAPOR PRESSURE?
MEASURE OF THE ABILITY OF A LIQUID TO CHANGE INTO VAPOR OR GAS
0-760mm/Hg IS LIQUID
LESS THAN 0 IS SOLID
GREATER THAN 760mm/Hg is a Gas
HOW DOES VAPOR PRESSURE INCREASE?
INCREASE IN TEMPERATURE
INCREASE IN CONCENTRATION
DECREASE IN ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE
WHAT IS THE BOILING POINT OF A SUBSTANCE?
VAPOR PRESSURE OF THAT SUBSTANCE IS EQUAL TO 760mm/Hg
WHAT IS THE VAPOR PRESSURE OF WATER?
25mm/Hg
WHICH STATE IS PERSISTENT?
SOLID
WHICH STATE IS VOLITILE?
GAS
WHAT IS VAPOR DENSITY/ RELATIVE GAS DENSITY (RgasD)?
A PHYSICAL PROPERTY THAT TELLS US WHETHER A GAS VAPOR WILL RISE OR SINK
WHAT IS THE VAPOR DENSITY OF AIR?
1.0
IF THE VD IS GREATER THAN 1.0, IT WILL SINK
IT THE VD IS LESS THAN 1.0 IT WILL RISE
WHAT IS MOLECULAR WEIGHT?
COMPARES GASSES/ VAPORS TO AIR TO DETERMINE IF A GAS WILL RISE OR SINK
WHAT IS THE MOLECULAR WEIGHT OF AIR?
29.0
WHAT IS THE FLASH POINT?
THE LOWEST TEMPERATURE AT WHICH A LIQUID GIVES OFF SUFFICIENT VAPOR TO FLASH AT ITS SURFACE BUT NOT CONTINUE TO BURN
IT NEEDS IGNITION, FUEL, OXYGEN.
IT WILL CATCH BUT NOT SUSTAIN FLAME
WHAT IS THE FIRE POINT?
THE LOWEST TEMPERATURE AT WHICH A LIQUID PRODUCES SUFFICIENT VAPOR TO FLASH AND CONTINUE TO BURN
WILL CATCH AND WILL SUSTAIN FLAME
WHAT IS THE IGNITION/ AUTO IGNITION TEMPERATURE
THE TEMPERATURE TO WHICH A SUBSTANCE WILL SPONTANEOUSLY BURN INDEPENDENT OF A FLAME
AIR REACTIVE- NEEDS NO FLAME
WHAT IS THE LOWER EXPLOSIVE LIMIT? (LEL)
THE LOWEST CONCENTRATION OF A SUBSTANCE THAT WILL BURN OR EXPLODE WHEN AN IGNITION SOURCE IS PRESENT
WHAT IS THE UPPER EXPLOSIVE LIMIT? (UEL)
THE HIGHEST CONCENTRATION OF A SUBSTANCE THAT WILL BURN OR EXPLODE WHEN AN IGNITION SOURCE IS PRESENT
WHAT DOES BLEVE STAND FOR?
BOILING LIQUID EXPANDING VAPOR EXPLOSION
WHAT IS POLYMERIZATION?
THE PROCESS OF COMBINING SINGLE CHEMICAL UNITS: MONOMERS TO FORM LARGER CHEMICALS UNIT CALLED POLYMERS
REACTIONS ARE CONTROLLED BY CATALYSTS AND INHIBITORS
WHAT ARE CATALYSTS?
SUBSTANCES THAT CAN START THE POLYMERIZATION PROCESS AND CONTROL ITS SPEED
WHAT IS AN INHIBITOR?
SUBSTANCES ADDED TO MONOMERS TO PREVENT THEM FROM POLYMERIZING
SAME WORD AS STABILIZED
WHAT IS PYROPHORIC?
A SUBSTANCE THAT IGNITES SPONTANEOUSLY IN THE AIR
WHAT IS CRYOGENIC?
CRYOGENICS HAVE LOW TEMPERATURES (BELOW 130 DEGREES FAHRENHEIT)’
MAY CAUSE FROSTBITE
WHAT IS HYPERGOLOC?
WHEN HIGHLY REACTIVE MATERIALS ARE MIXED WITH ONE ANOTHER AND SPONTANEOUSLY IGNITE
WHAT IS WATER REACTIVE?
DANGEROUS WHEN WET BECAUSE OF CHEMICAL REACTION WITH WATER
WHAT IS AN OXYDIZER?
MAKES FIRE BURN LONGER, HOTTER, FASTER
