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APhA reviewer FPGEE > Toxicology > Flashcards

Toxicology Flashcards

1
Q

substances that are foreign to the body

A

Xenobiotics

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2
Q

study of the adverse effects of chemicals and other

xenobiotics on living organisms

A

Toxicicology

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3
Q

Inhaled

poison

A

fresh air
avoid fumes
open doors

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4
Q

Poison on the

skin

A

remove clothing

15 min water

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5
Q

Poison on the eye

A

Remove contact lens
water 2-3 inch from eye
15-30 mins
Don’t force eyelid open

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6
Q

Swallowed

poison

A 
small glassful (2–4 oz) of water immediately
Call Poison control center
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7
Q

not breathing, has

had a seizure, or is unresponsive

A

call 911

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8
Q

all other

A

contact a poison control center immediately to

determine whether first aid should be used or whether a poisoning emergency exists

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9
Q

involves placing a tube into the stomach through a nostril or
the mouth and repetitively washing out the stomach contents with water or a
saline solution

A

Gastric lavage

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10
Q

performed more than 1 hour after ingestion

A

Gastric lavage

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11
Q

no longer routinely used

A

Cathartics such as magnesium citrate

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12
Q

generally avoided

A

Ipecac syrup

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13
Q

most effective when used

within 1–2 hours of ingestion of the toxin

A

Activated charcoal

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14
Q

if the toxin is poorly adsorbed to activated
charcoal or slowly absorbed and its presence in the gastrointestinal tract is
likely

A

Whole bowel irrigation

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15
Q

Acetaminophen

A

Acetylcysteine

-SH

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16
Q

Nearly all organic chemicals

A

Activated charcoal

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17
Q

Anticholinesterase agents
Nerve agent
carbamate insecticides

A

Atropine

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18
Q

Crotalidae snake envenomation (rattlesnake,

copperhead, cottonmouth)

A

Antibody:
Crotalidae polyvalent immune
Fab (ovine) (CroFab)

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19
Q

Iron

A

Chelator:
Deferoxamine

Iron rox

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20
Q

Digoxin

A

Antibody:

Digoxin immune Fab (DigiFab)

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21
Q

Arsenic, gold, lead, mercury

A

GLAM~Dime~BALler

Chelator:
Dimercaprol
British anti-Lewisite, BAL in Oil

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22
Q

Lead and other metals

A

LEDETATion

Edetate calcium disodium

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23
Q

Ethylene glycol, methanol

A

Competitive substrate

Ethanol

24
Q

Benzodiazepines

A

Flumazenil (Romazicon)

25
Q

Ethylene glycol, methanol

A

Competitive inhibitor of Alcohol dehydrogenase

Fomepizole (Antizol)

26
Q

β-adrenergic blockers

A

Beta-glucose dragon

Glucagon (GlucaGen)

27
Q

Cyanide

A

Chemical group exchange
Cyan colored bear-oxo
Hydroxocobalamin (CyanoKit)
~~~~>Cyanocobalamin

28
Q

Dabigatran (Pradaxa)

A

Idarucizumab (Praxbind)

29
Q

Calcium channel blockers, β-adrenergic blockers

A

Insulin/dextrose

Children/Bata kailangan ng ID

30
Q

Methemoglobinemia-forming toxins

A

Blue-globe

Methylene blue

31
Q

Opioids

A

Naloxone
competitively blocks
mu k delta receptors

32
Q

Oral sulfonylurea drugs

A

SU-eot-glide

Octreotide (Sandostatin)

33
Q

Carbon monoxide

A

Oxygen

34
Q

Heavy metal poisoning

copper, arsenic, and lead

A

Who u gonna CAL-Penis
Chelator:
Penicillamine(Cuprimine)

35
Q

Anticholinergic toxins

A

Physostigmine

36
Q

Anticoagulants (warfarin)

A

Phytonadione (vitamin K1)

37
Q

Anticholinesterase agents

A

Tropa ni Ali si pam
PrALIdoxime(protopam)
reactivates phosphorylated acetylcholinesterase
+aTROPine therapy

38
Q

Isoniazid

A

Pyridoxine (vitamin B6)

ISO PYR inside the mountains

39
Q

Tricyclic antidepressants

A

Sodium bicarbonate

TRICYCLIC NACHO

40
Q

Cyanide

A

ang CYA~NITE TAYO
Detoxifying substance:
Sodium nitrite, sodium
thiosulfate (Nithiodote)

Detoxify enzymatic systems
Sodium thiosulfate

41
Q

Lead

A

SUKI ni chelly si LED
chelator
Succimer (Chemet)

42
Q

DOACs except Dabigatran

A

Adexanet alfa

43
Q

maladaptive pattern of substance use leading to

clinically significant impairment or distress within a 12-month period

A

Substance use disorder

44
Q

indicated for patients who are motivated to adhere to a treatment plan and who
have no contraindications to the drug therapy

A

Medication-assisted therapy (MAT)

45
Q

approved for the treatment of alcohol use
disorder

may restore the balance of neuronal excitation and inhibition compromised
from chronic alcohol use by acting on the glutamate neurotransmitter system

A

Acamprosate

46
Q

alcohol-aversive agent

A

Disuilfiram

47
Q

high-priority agents that can be easily
transmitted, can result in high mortality rates, and have the potential for
major public health impact. They include smallpox, anthrax, plague,
botulism, tularemia, and viral hemorrhagic fevers (filoviruses [e.g.,
Ebola, Marburg] and arenaviruses [e.g., Lassa, Machupo]).

A

Category A agents

48
Q

include brucellosis; epsilon toxin of Clostridium
perfringens; food safety threats (e.g., Salmonella species, Escherichia
coli O157:H7, Shigella); glanders (Burkholderia mallei); melioidosis (B.
pseudomallei); psittacosis (Chlamydia psittaci); Q fever (Coxiella
burnetii); ricin; staphylococcal enterotoxin B; typhus fever; viral
encephalitis (alphaviruses such as Venezuelan equine encephalitis,
eastern equine encephalitis, and western equine encephalitis); and
water safety threats (e.g., Vibrio cholerae, Cryptosporidium parvum).

A

Category B

49
Q

include emerging infectious disease threats such as

Nipah virus and hantavirus.

A

Category C

50
Q

anticholinesterase agents such as sarin

A

Nerve agent~ Atropine/*******

51
Q

mustard agents, lewisites

A

Blistering/Vesicant agents***

52
Q

arsine, cyanide

A

Blood toxins***

53
Q

phosgene, chlorine, ammonia

A

Pulmonary system caustics***

54
Q

fast-acting and potent opioids, central

nervous system depressants, hallucinogens

A

Incapacitating agents**

55
Q

lacrimating agents such as

chloroacetophenone and vomiting agents such as adamsite

A

Riot control agents

56
Q

ensure the
availability and rapid deployment of life-saving pharmaceuticals, antidotes, and
other medical supplies and equipment necessary to counter nerve agents,
biological pathogens, and chemical agents.

A

Strategic National Stockpile

57
Q

A limited stock of drugs to treat nerve agents has been
deployed to emergency medical services and hospital sites throughout the
United States and is maintained by the CDC.

A

(CHEMPACK)

APhA reviewer FPGEE (15 decks)

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