Toxicology Flashcards
substances that are foreign to the body
Xenobiotics
study of the adverse effects of chemicals and other
xenobiotics on living organisms
Toxicicology
Inhaled
poison
fresh air
avoid fumes
open doors
Poison on the
skin
remove clothing
15 min water
Poison on the eye
Remove contact lens
water 2-3 inch from eye
15-30 mins
Don’t force eyelid open
Swallowed
poison
small glassful (2–4 oz) of water immediately Call Poison control center
not breathing, has
had a seizure, or is unresponsive
call 911
all other
contact a poison control center immediately to
determine whether first aid should be used or whether a poisoning emergency exists
involves placing a tube into the stomach through a nostril or
the mouth and repetitively washing out the stomach contents with water or a
saline solution
Gastric lavage
performed more than 1 hour after ingestion
Gastric lavage
no longer routinely used
Cathartics such as magnesium citrate
generally avoided
Ipecac syrup
most effective when used
within 1–2 hours of ingestion of the toxin
Activated charcoal
if the toxin is poorly adsorbed to activated
charcoal or slowly absorbed and its presence in the gastrointestinal tract is
likely
Whole bowel irrigation
Acetaminophen
Acetylcysteine
-SH
Nearly all organic chemicals
Activated charcoal
Anticholinesterase agents
Nerve agent
carbamate insecticides
Atropine
Crotalidae snake envenomation (rattlesnake,
copperhead, cottonmouth)
Antibody:
Crotalidae polyvalent immune
Fab (ovine) (CroFab)
Iron
Chelator:
Deferoxamine
Iron rox
Digoxin
Antibody:
Digoxin immune Fab (DigiFab)
Arsenic, gold, lead, mercury
GLAM~Dime~BALler
Chelator:
Dimercaprol
British anti-Lewisite, BAL in Oil
Lead and other metals
LEDETATion
Edetate calcium disodium
Ethylene glycol, methanol
Competitive substrate
Ethanol
Benzodiazepines
Flumazenil (Romazicon)
Ethylene glycol, methanol
Competitive inhibitor of Alcohol dehydrogenase
Fomepizole (Antizol)
β-adrenergic blockers
Beta-glucose dragon
Glucagon (GlucaGen)
Cyanide
Chemical group exchange
Cyan colored bear-oxo
Hydroxocobalamin (CyanoKit)
~~~~>Cyanocobalamin
Dabigatran (Pradaxa)
Idarucizumab (Praxbind)
Calcium channel blockers, β-adrenergic blockers
Insulin/dextrose
Children/Bata kailangan ng ID
Methemoglobinemia-forming toxins
Blue-globe
Methylene blue
Opioids
Naloxone
competitively blocks
mu k delta receptors
Oral sulfonylurea drugs
SU-eot-glide
Octreotide (Sandostatin)
Carbon monoxide
Oxygen
Heavy metal poisoning
copper, arsenic, and lead
Who u gonna CAL-Penis
Chelator:
Penicillamine(Cuprimine)
Anticholinergic toxins
Physostigmine
Anticoagulants (warfarin)
Phytonadione (vitamin K1)
Anticholinesterase agents
Tropa ni Ali si pam
PrALIdoxime(protopam)
reactivates phosphorylated acetylcholinesterase
+aTROPine therapy
Isoniazid
Pyridoxine (vitamin B6)
ISO PYR inside the mountains
Tricyclic antidepressants
Sodium bicarbonate
TRICYCLIC NACHO
Cyanide
ang CYA~NITE TAYO
Detoxifying substance:
Sodium nitrite, sodium
thiosulfate (Nithiodote)
Detoxify enzymatic systems
Sodium thiosulfate
Lead
SUKI ni chelly si LED
chelator
Succimer (Chemet)
DOACs except Dabigatran
Adexanet alfa
maladaptive pattern of substance use leading to
clinically significant impairment or distress within a 12-month period
Substance use disorder
indicated for patients who are motivated to adhere to a treatment plan and who
have no contraindications to the drug therapy
Medication-assisted therapy (MAT)
approved for the treatment of alcohol use
disorder
may restore the balance of neuronal excitation and inhibition compromised
from chronic alcohol use by acting on the glutamate neurotransmitter system
Acamprosate
alcohol-aversive agent
Disuilfiram
high-priority agents that can be easily
transmitted, can result in high mortality rates, and have the potential for
major public health impact. They include smallpox, anthrax, plague,
botulism, tularemia, and viral hemorrhagic fevers (filoviruses [e.g.,
Ebola, Marburg] and arenaviruses [e.g., Lassa, Machupo]).
Category A agents
include brucellosis; epsilon toxin of Clostridium
perfringens; food safety threats (e.g., Salmonella species, Escherichia
coli O157:H7, Shigella); glanders (Burkholderia mallei); melioidosis (B.
pseudomallei); psittacosis (Chlamydia psittaci); Q fever (Coxiella
burnetii); ricin; staphylococcal enterotoxin B; typhus fever; viral
encephalitis (alphaviruses such as Venezuelan equine encephalitis,
eastern equine encephalitis, and western equine encephalitis); and
water safety threats (e.g., Vibrio cholerae, Cryptosporidium parvum).
Category B
include emerging infectious disease threats such as
Nipah virus and hantavirus.
Category C
anticholinesterase agents such as sarin
Nerve agent~ Atropine/*******
mustard agents, lewisites
Blistering/Vesicant agents***
arsine, cyanide
Blood toxins***
phosgene, chlorine, ammonia
Pulmonary system caustics***
fast-acting and potent opioids, central
nervous system depressants, hallucinogens
Incapacitating agents**
lacrimating agents such as
chloroacetophenone and vomiting agents such as adamsite
Riot control agents
ensure the
availability and rapid deployment of life-saving pharmaceuticals, antidotes, and
other medical supplies and equipment necessary to counter nerve agents,
biological pathogens, and chemical agents.
Strategic National Stockpile
A limited stock of drugs to treat nerve agents has been
deployed to emergency medical services and hospital sites throughout the
United States and is maintained by the CDC.
(CHEMPACK)
