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APhA reviewer FPGEE > Chapter 27 Health Promotion, Disease Prevention, and Population Health(Diet,Exercise,Smoking Cessation) > Flashcards

Chapter 27 Health Promotion, Disease Prevention, and Population Health(Diet,Exercise,Smoking Cessation) Flashcards

1
Q

Typical areas to focus on
for counseling

A

(1) diet,
(2) weight management
(3) exercise
(4) smoking cessation

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2
Q

recommends the majority of calories should come from fruits, vegetables, whole grains,
legumes, and nuts, while intake of red meats and saturated fats should be
limited.

A

Mediterranean diet
Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH)

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3
Q

DASH

A

Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension

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4
Q

1,800–2,000 kcal/day

A

Calories recom

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5
Q

45–65% of total daily calories
whole fruits (fresh, frozen, canned, dried) and
legumes (beans, peas)

A

Carbohydrate recom %

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6
Q

10–35% of total daily calories
5.5 ounces daily

A

Protein recom %

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7
Q

20–35% of total daily calories

A

Fat recom %

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8
Q

< 10% of total daily calories

A

Saturated recom

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9
Q

Limited

A

Trans recom

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10
Q

< 300 mg/day

A

Cholesterol recom

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11
Q

8 oz/week

A

Fish recom

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12
Q

14 g/1,000 calories eaten in a day

A

Fiber recom

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13
Q

< 2,400 mg/day (< 6 g of NaCl)~1 tsp of salt

A

Sodium
77% comes from manufacturing

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14
Q

4,700 mg/day

A

Potassium recom
Avoid salt substitutes
KCl

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15
Q

≥ 3 ounce-equivalents

A

Whole grains

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16
Q

3 cups

A

Fat-free or low-fat dairy

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17
Q

2.4 mcg/day (especially patients > 50 years ofage)

A

Vitamin B12
crystalline form
can be absorbed

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18
Q

400–600 mcg/day

A

Folic acid
~childbearing age 400 mcg
*recommend iron rich foods
~Pregnancy 600 mcg
prevent neural-tube defects, spina bifida, and
encephalopathy in a fetus

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19
Q

25 mcg/day or 1,000 IU/day

A

Vitamin D

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20
Q

Men ≤ 2 drinks/day
Women ≤ 1 drink/day

A

Moderate alcohol consumption

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21
Q

nine servings~4.5 cups

A

vegetable

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22
Q

veggies subgroup

A

dark green,
orange,
legumes,
starches,
and other

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23
Q

at least 50%

A

whole grain recom

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24
Q

Protein Calcium, vitamin D, and potassium

A

Dairy

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25
Q

swordfish, shark, king mackerel,
tilefish

A

Beware especially during pregnancy~methylmercury poisoning

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26
Q

normal 35–55 ng/mL

A

25-hydroxyvitamin D

27
Q

12 oz of beer
5 oz of wine
1.5 oz of 80-proof distilled spirits
1 oz of 100-proof distilled spirits.

A

1 DRINK

28
Q

BMI formula

A

kg/m^2

29
Q

Normal

A

BMI = 18.5–24.9 kg/m2

30
Q

Overweight

A

BMI = 25–29.9 kg/m2

31
Q

Obesity I

A

BMI = 30–34.9 kg/m2

32
Q

Obesity II BMI

A

BMI= 35–39.9 kg/m2

33
Q

Obesity III

A

BMI ≥ 40 kg/m2

34
Q

Waist circumference

A

high-risk waist circumference is greater than 40 inches (102 cm), and for females, a high-risk
waist circumference is greater than 35 inches (88 cm)

35
Q

Modest weight loss

A

10 lbs

36
Q

_______kcal/day reduction will prevent weight gain

A

50-100

37
Q

_______kcal/day reduction common goal in most weight-loss programs

A

500

38
Q

To prevent weight gain, exercise ___minutes/day with moderate to vigorous intensity.

A

60
6
prevent

39
Q

To lose weight, exercise ___ minutes/day with moderate intensity

A

60-90
~6x-9x

40
Q

Resistance exercises at least ___ days of the week

A

2 days for 2 s in resistance

41
Q

To reduce the risk of chronic disease, individuals should perform moderate-
intensity exercise at least ___minutes/day ___days of the week

A

30,7

42
Q

Benefits in health have been shown when AEROBIC activity occurs at least ___ days/week

A

a3robic

43
Q

should be performed to the point at which
the individual would have difficulty doing another repetition without help.

A

Muscle strengthening exercises

44
Q

For weight training, one set of _____ repetitions of each exercise is effective,
although _____ or _____ sets may be more effective

A

8-12,2,3

45
Q

Men older than _____ years and women older than _____ years before
beginning a program of exercise

A

40,50

46
Q

Patients with osteoarthritis should do _____________________

A

low-impact exercise that has a low risk of
joint injury

47
Q

Inactive patients becoming active should follow these guidelines:Increase the amount of physical activity gradually over a period of _____ to ______.

A

weeks, months

48
Q

Inactive patients becoming active should follow these guidelines: adults 65 years of age or older require at least ________ weeks to adapt to a new level of activity

A

2-4

49
Q

Inactive patients becoming active should follow these guidelines:
Begin muscle strengthening ____day/week at a light or moderate level of intensity. Over time, activity may be increased to ____days/week

A

1,2

50
Q

Inactive patients becoming active should follow these guidelines: First increase the number of _____ per ______ (usually start at ______), then increase the number of _____ per _____, and then increase
the ______

A

minutes,session, 5 minutes
days, week
intensity

51
Q

Inactive patients becoming active should follow these guidelines: _____________ and _________ This also counts as daily exercise activity.

A

Warm up, cool down

52
Q

reduces abdominal fat and preserves muscle during weight loss

A

Exercise

53
Q

cigarettes/pack

A

20

54
Q

pack years formula

A

packs/day x yrs=pack years

55
Q

Five R’s

A

ReReReRiRo
Relevance
Rewards
Repetition
Risks
Roadbloicks

56
Q

Counselling 5 A’s

A

SDSSR
Ask
Advise
Assess
Assist
Arrange F/U

57
Q

nonpharmacologic therapies smoking cessation

A

QTREAAHM?
Quitting “cold turkey”
Tapering the number of cigarettes
Reading self-help materials
Entering a formal cessation program
Aversion therapy
Acupuncture
Hypnosis
Massage

58
Q

Withdrawal symptoms peak ____ hours after cessation

A

48

59
Q

Withdrawal symptoms gradually dissipate over the next ______ weeks, and completely resolve within _____

A

2-4

60
Q

To help a patient avoid postcessation weight gain

A

DPWH-SR
Discourage diet(strict)
Physical activity
Water intake
Healthy choices
Sugarless gum
Rewards(non-food)

61
Q

Barriers to cessation

A

DSWD-WF
Withdrawal
Failure
Depression
Social Support
Weight gain
Deprivation/Loss

62
Q

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
initiative

A

Healthy People 2020

63
Q

Healthy People 2020 four overarching areas in health as goals

A

HPxHP
high-quality health
health disparities
protect health stages
promote health

APhA reviewer FPGEE (15 decks)

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