Toxicology 1 Flashcards
Define
Toxicology
Study of adverse effects of chemicals in biological systems
Who said
All things are poison and nothing is without poison, only the dose makes a thing not a poison
Paracelsus
Define
ecotoxicology
study of effects of pollution on entire ecosystem
Differentiate
Toxicology vs ecotoxicology
Toxicology: chemicals → bio system
Eco: pollution → entire ecosystem
Relative Toxicity
Relative to dose & relative to person taking dose
Dose-Response Relationship
Quantitative description of the association between exposure & toxic effects produced
Requirements for Dose-Response Relationship to have a toxic effect
3
- Chemical or active metabolite that causes an adverse reaction in the body
- Must have sufficient concentration to have an effect
- Must persist long enough to exert the effect
Considerations for a Dose-Response Relationship
3
- Must be known that response is due to compound exposure
- Response Magnitude should be a function of dose administered
- Should have a quantitative method for measuring response
LD50
Also: what are the units?
Lethal Dose 50
- Dose of chemical that kills 50% of exposed population in a defined time frame
- Dose per kg of bodyweight (mg/kg)
How do we determine LD50?
Rats (aka through toxicology! lol)
Major Routes of Exposure
Contact
Ingestion
Inhalation
Describe
Contact Exposure
What happens?
What does skin absorb & not absorb?
Absorption over time
skin is Hydrophobic & lypophilic
Describe
Ingestion Exposure
- Guts absorb maximum amt of substances it can digest (Bc Body assumes you are responsible)
- “Free for all” down there
Describe
Inhalation Exposure
Inside chest cavity – protection
Toxicant Classifications
3
- Chemical Class
- Source of Exposure
- Organ system affected
How do we classify chemical class?
accdg to functional group
Chemical class examples add for long exam
Source of exposure
To air: ____
To water: ___
To air: ‘emission’
To water: ‘discharge’
List
Organ Systems affected
5
- Liver
- Kidneys
- Spine
- DNA
- Fetus