Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ENVI 165 Long Exam 2 > Epidemiology > Flashcards

Epidemiology Flashcards

1
Q

Differentiate

epidemiologist vs doctor

A
  • Doctor: sees 1 person at a time, very individual level
  • Epidemiologist: disease on a population level
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Define

Epidemiology

A

Study of the distribution and determinants of health & disease in human populations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

When is epidemiology better for correlation or causation?

A

Better for correlation bet. Adverse effect & substance
Better for causation, depending on how complex epidemiological study is

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

sinu itech

Karl Popper

A

Repeated observations that event A is followed by event B
* Hypothesized proposition that A causes B

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What assumption do we have in epidemiology?

A

Theory of Causation
Event A causes Event B

DO NOT RELY ON IT!
THEY R TENTATIVE!
may be disproved by further testing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Which type of study establishes correlation, and which establishes causation?

A

Ecological study establishes correlation
More human studies establish causation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

sinech itey

Sir Austin Bradford Hill

A
  • Pioneered randomized clinical trial
  • Demonstrated connection bet cigarette smoking & lung cancer
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

List

Criteria for Plausibility

5

A
  1. Proper temporal relationship (absolutely required)
  2. Consistency of association
  3. A large effect size
  4. Positive dose-response relationship
  5. Biological plausibility
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Explain

Proper temporal relationship

A

Exposure must be before the disease
* Need a logical timeline
* If this doesnt exist → scrap assumption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Explain

Consistency of association

A

Same time frame, same thing happening every time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Is epidemiology statistics heavy? Why?

A

yes
bc we need a large effect size
bc we r looking at the population level of the disease!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Explain

Positive dose-response relationship

A

↑ exposure = ↑ likelihood of getting disease/adverse effect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Explain

Biological plausibility

A

Must make sense visavis exposure, dose, etc.
Where toxicological studies happen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

List

Epidemiological Studies

3

A
  1. Descriptive studies
  2. Correlational or ecological studies
  3. Etiologic or analytical studies
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Describe

Epidemiological Studies

A

Largely observational study

  • Not like clinical tests where you manipulate a variable
  • “Variable manipulation” is in selecting your cohort
  • Statistics lang talaga, kasi looking at outcome based on your selected participants
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Explain

Descriptive Studies

A

Characterize a disease by factors such as age, sex, time and geographical region
* Do not formally test a hypothesis
* Describe patterns of disease
* Provide clues about factors that cause disease

17
Q

sinech itey

Repeated observations that event A is followed by event B
* Hypothesized proposition that A causes B

A

sinu itech

Karl Popper

18
Q

sinech itey

  • Pioneered randomized clinical trial
  • Demonstrated connection bet cigarette smoking & lung cancer
A

sinech itey

Sir Austin Bradford Hill

19
Q

What else are Correlational or Ecological Studies known as?

A

hypothesis-generating studies

20
Q

Describe

Correlational or Ecological Studies

A

Study correlation between disease rates & some specific exposure at the level of groups

  • Provide clues of possible risk factors for disease
  • Sometimes the design of choice
21
Q

How can Correlational or Ecological Studies show the design of choice?

A

Advantage of looking at population that is presumably stable over time
sometimes

22
Q

List

Types - Etiologic or Analytical Studies

2

A
  1. Clinical Trials or Randomized Clinical Trials
  2. Observational Studies

CT are still observational, but observational studies are purely observational

23
Q

Explain

Randomized Clinical Trials

A
  • Model for rigorous epidemiological studies
  • Kaya sila permitted, bc they should provide cure for the diesease
24
Q

Randomized Clinical Trials are the best for ____, and not the best for ____.

A

Best for causation, not the best for environmental & workplace exposure

25
Q

How are randomized clinical trials controlled experiments?

A
  • Treatment to 1 group and not another
  • Can control, have certain individuals in different groups
  • Both treated and untreated groups are followed over time
26
Q

If we are already aware that exposure to this toxin causes disease, are we allowed to have a RCT over it?

A

No
ethically wrong

27
Q
A

ENVI 165 Long Exam 2 (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions