Toxicities and Side Effects Flashcards
Acetaminophen Antidote
N-acetylcysteine (replenishes glutathione)
AChE inhibitors, organophosphate Antidote
Atropine followed by pralidoxime
Amphetamine Antidote
Sodium Chloride
Antimuscarinic, Anticholinergic agents Antidote
Physostigmine salicylate, control hyperthermia
Benzodiazepine Antidote
Flumazenil
beta-blocker Antidote
glucagon
Carbon Monoxide Antidote
100% oxygen, hyperbaric O2
Copper, Arsenic, Gold Antidote
Penicillamine
Cyanide Antidote
Nitrite + thiosulfate, hydroxycobalamin
Digitalis Antidote
Anti-dig Fab Fragments
Heparin Antidote
Protamine sulfate
Iron Antidote
Deferoxamine and deferasirox
Lead Antidote
EDTA, dimercaprol, succimer, penicillinamine
Mercury, arsenic, gold Antidote
Dimercaprol (BAL), succimer
Methanol, ethylene glycol (antifreeze) Antidote
Fomepizole > ethanol, dialysis
Methemoglobin Treatment
methylene blue, vitamin C
Opioids Antidote
Naloxone
Salicylates Antidote
Sodium Bicarbonate to alkalinize urine, dialysis
TCAs Antidote
Sodium Bicarbonate to alkalinize plasma
tPA, streptokinase, urokinase Antidote
aminocaproic acid
Warfarin Antidote
Vitamin K, fresh frozen plasma (if active bleeding)
Causes Coronary Vasospasm
Cocaine, Sumatriptan, Ergot alkaloids
Causes Cutaneous Flushing
VANC, vancomycin, adenosine, niacin, CCB
Causes dilated cardiomyopathy
doxorubicin, duanorubicin
Causes torsades de pointes
Class III anti-arrhythmics like sotalol
Class IA like quinidine
antiarrhythmics, macrolides, antipsychotics, TCAs
Causes Adrenocortical insufficiency
HPA suppression secnodary to glucocorticoid withdrawal
Causes hot flashes
Tamoxifen and clomiphene
Causes Hyperglycemia
Tacrolimus, Protease inhibitors, Niacin, HCTZ, Beta-blockers, corticosteroids
Causes Hypothyroidism
Lithium, Amiodarone, Sulfonamides
Causes acute cholestatic hepatitis and jaundice
erythromycin
Causes Diarrhea
Metformin, Erythromycin, Colchicine, orlistat, Acarbose
Causes focal and hepatic necrosis
halothane, amanita phalloides, valproic acid, acetaminophen
Causes hepatitis
INH
Causes Pancreatitis
didanosine, Corticosteroids, alcohol, Valproic acid, azathrioprine, diuretics like furosimide and HCTZ
Causes Pseudomembranous Colitis
Clindamycin, ampicillin, cephalosporins
Causes agranulocytosis
Dapsone, Clozapine, Carbamazepine, Colchicine, Methimazole, Propylthiouracil
Causes aplastic anemia
Carbamazepine, Methimazole, NSAIDs, Benzene, Chloramphenicol, Propylthiouracil
Causes direct coombs (+) hemolytic anemia
Methyldopa and penicillin
Gray baby syndrome
Chloramphenicol
Causes hemolysis in G6PD deficiency
INH, Sulfonamides, Dapsone, Primaquine, Aspirin, Ibuprofen, Nitrofurantoin
Causes Megaloblastic Anemia
Phenytoin, Methotrexate, Sulfa Drugs (having a blast with PMS)
Causes Thrombocytopenia
Heparin and Cimetidine
Causes thrombotic complications
estrogens (OCPs)
Causes fat redistribution
protease inhibitors and glucocorticoids
Causes Gingival Hyperplasia
Phenytoin, verapamil, cyclosporine, nifedipine
Causes hyperuricemia (Gout)
Pyrazinamide, Thiazides, Furosemide, Niacin, Cyclosporine
Causes Myopathy
Fibrates, Niacin, Cholchicine, Hydroxychloroquine, IFN-alpha, penicillamine, statins, glucocorticoids
Causes Osteoporosis
Corticosteroids and Heparin
Causes Photosensitivity
Sulfonamides, Amiodarone, Tetracyclines, 5-FU
Drugs that cause Stevens-Johnson Syndrome
Anti-epileptic drugs (ethosuximide, carbamazepine, lamotrigine, phenytoin, phenobarbital), Allopurinol, Sulfa srugs and penicillin
Causes SLE-like syndrome
Sulfa drugs, hydralazine, INH, Procainamide, phenytoin, etanercept
Teeth discoloration
tetracycline
Tendonitis, tendon rupture, and cartilage damage
fluoroquinolones
Cinchonism
quinidine, quinine
causes Parkinson-like syndrome
antipsychotics, reserpine, metoclopramide
Can cause seizures
INH from vit B6 deficiency, bupropion, imipenem/cilastatin, tramadol, enflurane, metochlopramide
Cause Tardive Dyskinesia
Antipsychotics and metoclopramide
Causes diabetes insipidus
Lithium and Demeclocycline
Cause Fanconi Syndrome
expired tetracycline
Cause hemorrhagic cystitis
cyclophosphamide and ifosfamide
Cause interstitial nephritis
methicillin, NSAIDs, furosemide
Cause SIADH
Carbamazepine, Cyclophosphamide, SSRIs
Causes Dry Cough
ACE-inhibitors
Cause Pulmonary Fibrosis
Bleomycin, Amiodarone, Busulfan, Methotrexate
Cause Multisystem antimuscarinic effects
Atropine, TCAs, H1-blockers, antipsychotics
Cause Disulfram-like reactions
Metronidazole, some cephalosporins, griseofulvin, procarbazine, 1st generation sulfonylureas
Cause nephro/ototoxicity
aminoglycosides, vancomycin, loop diuretics and cisplatin
Cytochrome P450 inducers
Chronic alcohol use, modafinil, st john’s wort, phenytoin, phenobarbital, nevirapine, rifampin, griseofulvin, carbamazepine
Cytochrome P450 inhibitors
Acute alcoholic abuse, gemfibrozil, ciprofloxacin, isoniazid, grapefruit juice, quinidine, amiodarone, ketoconazole, macrolides, sulfonamides, cimetidine, ritonavir
Sulfa Drugs
Probenecid, Furosemide, Acetazolamide, Celecoxib, Thiazides, Sulfonamide antibiotics, Sulfasalazine, Sulfonylureas
What’s green poop mean?
you have eaten a lot of grapes