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First Aid Pharmacology > Toxicities and Side Effects > Flashcards

Toxicities and Side Effects Flashcards

1
Q

Acetaminophen Antidote

A

N-acetylcysteine (replenishes glutathione)

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2
Q

AChE inhibitors, organophosphate Antidote

A

Atropine followed by pralidoxime

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3
Q

Amphetamine Antidote

A

Sodium Chloride

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4
Q

Antimuscarinic, Anticholinergic agents Antidote

A

Physostigmine salicylate, control hyperthermia

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5
Q

Benzodiazepine Antidote

A

Flumazenil

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6
Q

beta-blocker Antidote

A

glucagon

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7
Q

Carbon Monoxide Antidote

A

100% oxygen, hyperbaric O2

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8
Q

Copper, Arsenic, Gold Antidote

A

Penicillamine

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9
Q

Cyanide Antidote

A

Nitrite + thiosulfate, hydroxycobalamin

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10
Q

Digitalis Antidote

A

Anti-dig Fab Fragments

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11
Q

Heparin Antidote

A

Protamine sulfate

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12
Q

Iron Antidote

A

Deferoxamine and deferasirox

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13
Q

Lead Antidote

A

EDTA, dimercaprol, succimer, penicillinamine

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14
Q

Mercury, arsenic, gold Antidote

A

Dimercaprol (BAL), succimer

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15
Q

Methanol, ethylene glycol (antifreeze) Antidote

A

Fomepizole > ethanol, dialysis

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16
Q

Methemoglobin Treatment

A

methylene blue, vitamin C

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17
Q

Opioids Antidote

A

Naloxone

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18
Q

Salicylates Antidote

A

Sodium Bicarbonate to alkalinize urine, dialysis

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19
Q

TCAs Antidote

A

Sodium Bicarbonate to alkalinize plasma

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20
Q

tPA, streptokinase, urokinase Antidote

A

aminocaproic acid

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21
Q

Warfarin Antidote

A

Vitamin K, fresh frozen plasma (if active bleeding)

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22
Q

Causes Coronary Vasospasm

A

Cocaine, Sumatriptan, Ergot alkaloids

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23
Q

Causes Cutaneous Flushing

A

VANC, vancomycin, adenosine, niacin, CCB

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24
Q

Causes dilated cardiomyopathy

A

doxorubicin, duanorubicin

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25
Causes torsades de pointes
Class III anti-arrhythmics like sotalol Class IA like quinidine antiarrhythmics, macrolides, antipsychotics, TCAs
26
Causes Adrenocortical insufficiency
HPA suppression secnodary to glucocorticoid withdrawal
27
Causes hot flashes
Tamoxifen and clomiphene
28
Causes Hyperglycemia
Tacrolimus, Protease inhibitors, Niacin, HCTZ, Beta-blockers, corticosteroids
29
Causes Hypothyroidism
Lithium, Amiodarone, Sulfonamides
30
Causes acute cholestatic hepatitis and jaundice
erythromycin
31
Causes Diarrhea
Metformin, Erythromycin, Colchicine, orlistat, Acarbose
32
Causes focal and hepatic necrosis
halothane, amanita phalloides, valproic acid, acetaminophen
33
Causes hepatitis
INH
34
Causes Pancreatitis
didanosine, Corticosteroids, alcohol, Valproic acid, azathrioprine, diuretics like furosimide and HCTZ
35
Causes Pseudomembranous Colitis
Clindamycin, ampicillin, cephalosporins
36
Causes agranulocytosis
Dapsone, Clozapine, Carbamazepine, Colchicine, Methimazole, Propylthiouracil
37
Causes aplastic anemia
Carbamazepine, Methimazole, NSAIDs, Benzene, Chloramphenicol, Propylthiouracil
38
Causes direct coombs (+) hemolytic anemia
Methyldopa and penicillin
39
Gray baby syndrome
Chloramphenicol
40
Causes hemolysis in G6PD deficiency
INH, Sulfonamides, Dapsone, Primaquine, Aspirin, Ibuprofen, Nitrofurantoin
41
Causes Megaloblastic Anemia
Phenytoin, Methotrexate, Sulfa Drugs (having a blast with PMS)
42
Causes Thrombocytopenia
Heparin and Cimetidine
43
Causes thrombotic complications
estrogens (OCPs)
44
Causes fat redistribution
protease inhibitors and glucocorticoids
45
Causes Gingival Hyperplasia
Phenytoin, verapamil, cyclosporine, nifedipine
46
Causes hyperuricemia (Gout)
Pyrazinamide, Thiazides, Furosemide, Niacin, Cyclosporine
47
Causes Myopathy
Fibrates, Niacin, Cholchicine, Hydroxychloroquine, IFN-alpha, penicillamine, statins, glucocorticoids
48
Causes Osteoporosis
Corticosteroids and Heparin
49
Causes Photosensitivity
Sulfonamides, Amiodarone, Tetracyclines, 5-FU
50
Drugs that cause Stevens-Johnson Syndrome
Anti-epileptic drugs (ethosuximide, carbamazepine, lamotrigine, phenytoin, phenobarbital), Allopurinol, Sulfa srugs and penicillin
51
Causes SLE-like syndrome
Sulfa drugs, hydralazine, INH, Procainamide, phenytoin, etanercept
52
Teeth discoloration
tetracycline
53
Tendonitis, tendon rupture, and cartilage damage
fluoroquinolones
54
Cinchonism
quinidine, quinine
55
causes Parkinson-like syndrome
antipsychotics, reserpine, metoclopramide
56
Can cause seizures
INH from vit B6 deficiency, bupropion, imipenem/cilastatin, tramadol, enflurane, metochlopramide
57
Cause Tardive Dyskinesia
Antipsychotics and metoclopramide
58
Causes diabetes insipidus
Lithium and Demeclocycline
59
Cause Fanconi Syndrome
expired tetracycline
60
Cause hemorrhagic cystitis
cyclophosphamide and ifosfamide
61
Cause interstitial nephritis
methicillin, NSAIDs, furosemide
62
Cause SIADH
Carbamazepine, Cyclophosphamide, SSRIs
63
Causes Dry Cough
ACE-inhibitors
64
Cause Pulmonary Fibrosis
Bleomycin, Amiodarone, Busulfan, Methotrexate
65
Cause Multisystem antimuscarinic effects
Atropine, TCAs, H1-blockers, antipsychotics
66
Cause Disulfram-like reactions
Metronidazole, some cephalosporins, griseofulvin, procarbazine, 1st generation sulfonylureas
67
Cause nephro/ototoxicity
aminoglycosides, vancomycin, loop diuretics and cisplatin
68
Cytochrome P450 inducers
Chronic alcohol use, modafinil, st john's wort, phenytoin, phenobarbital, nevirapine, rifampin, griseofulvin, carbamazepine
69
Cytochrome P450 inhibitors
Acute alcoholic abuse, gemfibrozil, ciprofloxacin, isoniazid, grapefruit juice, quinidine, amiodarone, ketoconazole, macrolides, sulfonamides, cimetidine, ritonavir
70
Sulfa Drugs
Probenecid, Furosemide, Acetazolamide, Celecoxib, Thiazides, Sulfonamide antibiotics, Sulfasalazine, Sulfonylureas
71
What's green poop mean?
you have eaten a lot of grapes

First Aid Pharmacology (4 decks)

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