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First Aid Pharmacology > Toxicities and Side Effects > Flashcards

Toxicities and Side Effects Flashcards

1
Q

Acetaminophen Antidote

A

N-acetylcysteine (replenishes glutathione)

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2
Q

AChE inhibitors, organophosphate Antidote

A

Atropine followed by pralidoxime

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3
Q

Amphetamine Antidote

A

Sodium Chloride

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4
Q

Antimuscarinic, Anticholinergic agents Antidote

A

Physostigmine salicylate, control hyperthermia

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5
Q

Benzodiazepine Antidote

A

Flumazenil

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6
Q

beta-blocker Antidote

A

glucagon

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7
Q

Carbon Monoxide Antidote

A

100% oxygen, hyperbaric O2

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8
Q

Copper, Arsenic, Gold Antidote

A

Penicillamine

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9
Q

Cyanide Antidote

A

Nitrite + thiosulfate, hydroxycobalamin

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10
Q

Digitalis Antidote

A

Anti-dig Fab Fragments

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11
Q

Heparin Antidote

A

Protamine sulfate

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12
Q

Iron Antidote

A

Deferoxamine and deferasirox

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13
Q

Lead Antidote

A

EDTA, dimercaprol, succimer, penicillinamine

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14
Q

Mercury, arsenic, gold Antidote

A

Dimercaprol (BAL), succimer

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15
Q

Methanol, ethylene glycol (antifreeze) Antidote

A

Fomepizole > ethanol, dialysis

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16
Q

Methemoglobin Treatment

A

methylene blue, vitamin C

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17
Q

Opioids Antidote

A

Naloxone

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18
Q

Salicylates Antidote

A

Sodium Bicarbonate to alkalinize urine, dialysis

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19
Q

TCAs Antidote

A

Sodium Bicarbonate to alkalinize plasma

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20
Q

tPA, streptokinase, urokinase Antidote

A

aminocaproic acid

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21
Q

Warfarin Antidote

A

Vitamin K, fresh frozen plasma (if active bleeding)

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22
Q

Causes Coronary Vasospasm

A

Cocaine, Sumatriptan, Ergot alkaloids

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23
Q

Causes Cutaneous Flushing

A

VANC, vancomycin, adenosine, niacin, CCB

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24
Q

Causes dilated cardiomyopathy

A

doxorubicin, duanorubicin

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25
Q

Causes torsades de pointes

A

Class III anti-arrhythmics like sotalol
Class IA like quinidine
antiarrhythmics, macrolides, antipsychotics, TCAs

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26
Q

Causes Adrenocortical insufficiency

A

HPA suppression secnodary to glucocorticoid withdrawal

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27
Q

Causes hot flashes

A

Tamoxifen and clomiphene

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28
Q

Causes Hyperglycemia

A

Tacrolimus, Protease inhibitors, Niacin, HCTZ, Beta-blockers, corticosteroids

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29
Q

Causes Hypothyroidism

A

Lithium, Amiodarone, Sulfonamides

30
Q

Causes acute cholestatic hepatitis and jaundice

A

erythromycin

31
Q

Causes Diarrhea

A

Metformin, Erythromycin, Colchicine, orlistat, Acarbose

32
Q

Causes focal and hepatic necrosis

A

halothane, amanita phalloides, valproic acid, acetaminophen

33
Q

Causes hepatitis

A

INH

34
Q

Causes Pancreatitis

A

didanosine, Corticosteroids, alcohol, Valproic acid, azathrioprine, diuretics like furosimide and HCTZ

35
Q

Causes Pseudomembranous Colitis

A

Clindamycin, ampicillin, cephalosporins

36
Q

Causes agranulocytosis

A

Dapsone, Clozapine, Carbamazepine, Colchicine, Methimazole, Propylthiouracil

37
Q

Causes aplastic anemia

A

Carbamazepine, Methimazole, NSAIDs, Benzene, Chloramphenicol, Propylthiouracil

38
Q

Causes direct coombs (+) hemolytic anemia

A

Methyldopa and penicillin

39
Q

Gray baby syndrome

A

Chloramphenicol

40
Q

Causes hemolysis in G6PD deficiency

A

INH, Sulfonamides, Dapsone, Primaquine, Aspirin, Ibuprofen, Nitrofurantoin

41
Q

Causes Megaloblastic Anemia

A

Phenytoin, Methotrexate, Sulfa Drugs (having a blast with PMS)

42
Q

Causes Thrombocytopenia

A

Heparin and Cimetidine

43
Q

Causes thrombotic complications

A

estrogens (OCPs)

44
Q

Causes fat redistribution

A

protease inhibitors and glucocorticoids

45
Q

Causes Gingival Hyperplasia

A

Phenytoin, verapamil, cyclosporine, nifedipine

46
Q

Causes hyperuricemia (Gout)

A

Pyrazinamide, Thiazides, Furosemide, Niacin, Cyclosporine

47
Q

Causes Myopathy

A

Fibrates, Niacin, Cholchicine, Hydroxychloroquine, IFN-alpha, penicillamine, statins, glucocorticoids

48
Q

Causes Osteoporosis

A

Corticosteroids and Heparin

49
Q

Causes Photosensitivity

A

Sulfonamides, Amiodarone, Tetracyclines, 5-FU

50
Q

Drugs that cause Stevens-Johnson Syndrome

A

Anti-epileptic drugs (ethosuximide, carbamazepine, lamotrigine, phenytoin, phenobarbital), Allopurinol, Sulfa srugs and penicillin

51
Q

Causes SLE-like syndrome

A

Sulfa drugs, hydralazine, INH, Procainamide, phenytoin, etanercept

52
Q

Teeth discoloration

A

tetracycline

53
Q

Tendonitis, tendon rupture, and cartilage damage

A

fluoroquinolones

54
Q

Cinchonism

A

quinidine, quinine

55
Q

causes Parkinson-like syndrome

A

antipsychotics, reserpine, metoclopramide

56
Q

Can cause seizures

A

INH from vit B6 deficiency, bupropion, imipenem/cilastatin, tramadol, enflurane, metochlopramide

57
Q

Cause Tardive Dyskinesia

A

Antipsychotics and metoclopramide

58
Q

Causes diabetes insipidus

A

Lithium and Demeclocycline

59
Q

Cause Fanconi Syndrome

A

expired tetracycline

60
Q

Cause hemorrhagic cystitis

A

cyclophosphamide and ifosfamide

61
Q

Cause interstitial nephritis

A

methicillin, NSAIDs, furosemide

62
Q

Cause SIADH

A

Carbamazepine, Cyclophosphamide, SSRIs

63
Q

Causes Dry Cough

A

ACE-inhibitors

64
Q

Cause Pulmonary Fibrosis

A

Bleomycin, Amiodarone, Busulfan, Methotrexate

65
Q

Cause Multisystem antimuscarinic effects

A

Atropine, TCAs, H1-blockers, antipsychotics

66
Q

Cause Disulfram-like reactions

A

Metronidazole, some cephalosporins, griseofulvin, procarbazine, 1st generation sulfonylureas

67
Q

Cause nephro/ototoxicity

A

aminoglycosides, vancomycin, loop diuretics and cisplatin

68
Q

Cytochrome P450 inducers

A

Chronic alcohol use, modafinil, st john’s wort, phenytoin, phenobarbital, nevirapine, rifampin, griseofulvin, carbamazepine

69
Q

Cytochrome P450 inhibitors

A

Acute alcoholic abuse, gemfibrozil, ciprofloxacin, isoniazid, grapefruit juice, quinidine, amiodarone, ketoconazole, macrolides, sulfonamides, cimetidine, ritonavir

70
Q

Sulfa Drugs

A

Probenecid, Furosemide, Acetazolamide, Celecoxib, Thiazides, Sulfonamide antibiotics, Sulfasalazine, Sulfonylureas

71
Q

What’s green poop mean?

A

you have eaten a lot of grapes

First Aid Pharmacology (4 decks)

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