Toxic substances Flashcards
use against warfarin-resistant rodents.
Bromethalin
Mercury
Strychnine
Bromethalin
Bromethalin toxicity signs may develop ___ hours or
several days after ingestion and progress over a period of a week or longer.
4-8 hours
12-24 hours
8 to 12 hours
48-72 hours
8 to 12 hours
Treatment for Bromethalin toxicity?
Oral and/or IV medication.
Emesis and MD AC
ability to cause brain swelling, which can lead to severe neurological symptoms and death.
Bromethalin toxicity
Strychnine toxicity
Mercury toxicity
Bromethalin toxicity
its MOT involves uncouples mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation?
Bromethalin toxicity
Strychnine toxicity
Mercury toxicity
Bromethalin toxicity
Strychnine is a highly toxic alkaloid; from the seeds of the ___ tree?
Strychnos nux-vomica
use as pesticide and as a performance enhancer in athletics.
Bromethalin
Mercury
Strychnine
Strychnine
A sign of strychnine poisoning characterized by spasms or involuntary contractions of the facial muscles, causing the mouth to be pulled back into a distorted and painful-looking grin.
Risus sardonicus (sardonic grin)
In MOT of Strychnine poisoning the ___ is inhibited that leads to the excessive firing of nerve impulses and subsequent convulsions.
GABA
Glycine
Glutamate
Glycine
a neurotoxin produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum.
Botulinum toxin
also know as “quicksilver”, it has high density, silvery appearance, and ability to conduct electricity.
Lead
Mercury
Silver
Mercury
Signs & Symptoms of Mercury Toxicity:
were there is a metallic taste, construction in throat,
difficulty of breathing, and tongue corroded
1st/2nd Phase
1st Phase
Signs & Symptoms of Mercury Toxicity:
were there is a loosing teeth, gingivitis, severe infection
in the mouth, ulcer.
1st/2nd Phase
2nd Phase
Fatal dose of Mercuric Fluoride: ?
Fatal period: ?
50mg for 30 mins
2.5mg-5mg for 3 days
1-2mg for 3-5 days
1-2mg for 3-5 days
Tx for Metallic mercury toxicity
Oral succimer (DMSA) or oral unithiol (DMPS)
IV unithiol (DMPS) or IM BAL
Succimer (DMSA) & N-acetylcysteine (NAC)
Oral succimer (DMSA) or oral unithiol (DMPS)
Tx for Organic mercury toxicity
Oral succimer (DMSA) or oral unithiol (DMPS)
IV unithiol (DMPS) or IM BAL
Succimer (DMSA) & N-acetylcysteine (NAC)
Succimer (DMSA) & N-acetylcysteine (NAC)
Tx for Inorganic mercury toxicity
Oral succimer (DMSA) or oral unithiol (DMPS)
IV unithiol (DMPS) or IM BAL
Succimer (DMSA) & N-acetylcysteine (NAC)
IV unithiol (DMPS) or IM BAL
This was used for warfarin-resistant rodents.
Bromethalin
Strychnine
Malathion
Bromethalin
Lethal oral dose of Caffeine
2-3g
10g
20-30g
50-60g
10g for adults
Lipid pneumonia is caused by
Mineral oil
Oxygen
Water
Carbon dioxide
Mineral Oil
This plant is commonly prepared as tinctures
Arnica
Aloe Vera
Lavender
Echinacea
Arnica
Used in Wilson’s disease
Succimer (DMSA)
Penicillamine
Deferoxamine
Penicillamine
What is Wilson’s disease?
a) A neurological disorder
b) A genetic disorder affecting copper metabolism
c) A viral infection of the liver
d) A respiratory condition
b) A genetic disorder affecting copper metabolism
How does Penicillamine work in the treatment of Wilson’s disease?
a) It stimulates the production of copper-binding proteins.
b) It inhibits the absorption of copper in the intestines.
c) It chelates excess copper and promotes its excretion from the body.
d) It enhances liver function to metabolize copper efficiently.
c) It chelates excess copper and promotes its excretion from the body.
This substance is made from highly refined, purified, and processed petroleum
Mineral Oil?
Antidote for codeine poisoning
Atropine
Flumazenil
N-acetylecysteine
Naloxone
Naloxone ?
The name given to poisoning associated with this substance roughly translates to “it hurts”
Mercury
Strychnine
Cadmium
Cadmium
This is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder of copper metabolism characterized by the excessive accumulation of copper in the liver, brain, kidneys, and cornea.
Menkes Disease
Wilson’s Disease
Minamata Disease
Opisthotonos
Wilson’s Disease
First used as a chemical weapon on a large-scale during World War 1
Chlorine gas
Nitrogen Dioxide
Ammonia
Chlorine gas
If the person’s eye was contaminated with butyl acetate, generally, what is the recommended minimum flushing time?
15 minutes
20 minutes
30 minutes
15 minutes?
Plant source of Strychnine?
Cannabis sativa
Strychnos nux-vomica
Opium poppy
Erythroxylum coca
Strychnos nux-vomica
Which part of the Strychnos nux-vomica plant contains strychnine?
a) Leaves
b) Flowers
c) Roots
d) Seeds
d) Seeds
What is the common name for the tree species Strychnos nux-vomica?
a) Strychnine tree
b) Poison ivy
c) Belladonna
d) Deadly nightshade
a) Strychnine tree
Used to treat manic episodes of bipolar disorder.
Lithium
Mercury
Thallium
Isoniazid
Lithium?
How does lithium work in managing manic episodes?
a) It increases the levels of dopamine in the brain.
b) It enhances the effects of serotonin neurotransmitters.
c) It stabilizes mood by affecting ion transport in nerve cells.
d) It reduces the production of excess norepinephrine.
c) It stabilizes mood by affecting ion transport in nerve cells.
Scientific name of Castor plant?
Mentha piperita
Aloe vera
Ricinus communis
Eucalyptus globulus
Ricinus communis
Toxic constituent of Castor plant
Castor oil
Ricin
Oleic acid
Vitamin E
Ricin
What is the primary mode of toxicity of ricin from the Castor plant?
a) Liver damage
b) Neurological effects
c) Kidney failure
d) Inhibition of protein synthesis
d) Inhibition of protein synthesis
Which part of the Castor plant contains the highest concentration of ricin?
a) Seeds
b) Leaves
c) Roots
d) Stems
a) Seeds`
Antidote for Iron toxicity
Activated charcoal
Naloxone
Deferoxamine
Atropine
Deferoxamine
Toxic dose of Lithium
Blood concentration above 1.5 mmol/L?
Vitamin C is also known as
Ascorbic acid
Folic acid
Niacin
Riboflavin
Ascorbic acid
Form of Vitamin B12 that is used as an antidote for CN toxicity
Methylcobalamin
Cyanocobalamin
Hydroxocobalamin
Adenosylcobalamin
Hydroxocobalamin
Toxic dose of Iron
Ingestion >5 mg/kg of body weight
Ingestion >10 mg/kg of body weight
Ingestion >20 mg/kg of body weight
Ingestion >30 mg/kg of body weight
Ingestion >20 mg/kg of body weight
Used to treat severe hypokalemia associated with barium toxicity?
Sodium bicarbonate
Calcium gluconate
Potassium chloride
Magnesium sulfate
Potassium chloride
It produces its effects by the uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation
Cyanide
2,4-Dinitrophenol (DNP)
Bromethalin
Digoxin
Bromethalin ?
Route of exposure for Aluminum
a) Inhalation
b) Ingestion
c) Dermal (skin) contact
d) Injection
Ingestion ?
This element was found in insecticides, rodenticides, low temperature thermometers, and is used in cardiac imaging
Mercury
Barium
Lead
Gadolinium
Gadolinium ?
Antidote for Thallium poisoning
Dimercaprol (BAL)
N-acetylcysteine (NAC)
Sodium nitrite
Prussian blue
Prussian blue
How does hydroxocobalamin act as an antidote for cyanide toxicity?
a) It binds to cyanide, forming a stable complex that can be excreted.
b) It promotes the breakdown of cyanide into harmless byproducts.
c) It neutralizes cyanide by releasing oxygen molecules.
d) It inhibits the absorption of cyanide in the gastrointestinal tract.
a) It binds to cyanide, forming a stable complex that can be excreted.
Which electrolyte imbalance is commonly observed in cases of barium toxicity?
a) Hyponatremia
b) Hyperkalemia
c) Hypocalcemia
d) Hypokalemia
d) Hypokalemia
Barium toxicity is most commonly associated with the ingestion of which substance?
a) Barium sulfate
b) Barium carbonate
c) Barium chloride
d) Barium hydroxide
a) Barium sulfate
What is the recommended route of administration for potassium chloride in the treatment of severe hypokalemia associated with barium toxicity?
a) Oral
b) Intravenous
c) Intramuscular
d) Subcutaneous
b) Intravenous
Which organ system is primarily affected by Thallium poisoning?
a) Central nervous system
b) Respiratory system
c) Cardiovascular system
d) Gastrointestinal system
a) Central nervous system
Match the following toxic substances with their associated effects or conditions:
Minamata
Baritosis
Wilson’s disease
Opisthotonos
Aldrich-Mee’s line
Itai-itai disease
Risus sardonicus
Arsenic
Mercury
Cadmium
Copper
Strychnine
Barium
Minamata: Mercury
Wilson’s disease: Copper
Strychnine: Opisthotonos
Strychnine: Risus sardonicus
Arsenic: Aldrich-Mee’s line
Itai-itai disease: Cadmium
Baritosis: Barium
Matching the toxic substances with their associated effects or conditions:
Vitamin A
Vitamin B9
Vitamin B12
Vitamin K
Vitamin B1
Wernicke-Korsakoff
Hemorrhage
Pernicious anemia
Megaloblastic anemia
Hyperkeratosis
Vitamin A: Hyperkeratosis
Vitamin B9: Megaloblastic anemia
Vitamin B12: Pernicious anemia
Vitamin K: Hemorrhage
Vitamin B1: Wernicke-Korsakoff
Lithium is completely absorbed within 6-8 hours of ingestion.
T/F
T
Cadmium belongs to IARC Group II.
T/F
F
it belongs to IARC Group I
Bromethalin toxicity targets the Peripheral Nervous System.
T/F
F
it affects the CNS
Bromethalin toxicity targets the Central Nervous System.
T/F
T
Aluminum has a specific antidote.
T/F
F
There is a specific antidote for toluene toxicity.
T/F
F
Theophylline was once widely used to treat asthma.
T/F
T
Amiloride is used for lithium toxicity.
T/F
T
Gamma hydroxybutyrate is also known as “Date rape” drug.
T/F
T
Vitamin B12 Deficiency: Macrocytic anemia.
T/F
T
Which toxic substance is primarily responsible for causing Minamata disease?
a) Lead
b) Arsenic
c) Mercury
d) Cadmium
c) Mercury
Which organic mercury compound is known for its high toxicity?
a) Methylmercury
b) Ethylmercury
c) Phenylmercury
d) Dimethylmercury
a) Methylmercury
In cases of lead poisoning, the approximate half-life of lead in the human body is around 30 days.
T/F
T
What is the blood lead level threshold that is associated with abnormal neurobehavioral effects?
a) >10 mcg/dL
b) >20 mcg/dL
c) >30 mcg/dL
d) >40 mcg/dL
d) >40 mcg/dL
What is the blood lead level threshold that is associated with lead edema?
a) >10 mcg/dL
b) >30 mcg/dL
c) >50 mcg/dL
d) >70 mcg/dL
d) >70 mcg/dL
What is the minimum oral toxic dose of soluble barium salts?
a) 100 mg
b) 200 mg
c) 500 mg
d) 1000 mg
b) 200 mg
In barium toxicity, potassium phosphate is used as specific antidote for hypophosphatemia?
T/F
T
In barium toxicity, potassium chloride is used as specific antidote for symptomatic or severe hypokalemia.
T/F
T
What is the primary cause of Menkes disease, a copper deficiency disorder commonly found in male infants?
a) Lack of ATP7B gene
b) Lack of ATP7A gene
c) Lack of SLC31A1 gene
d) Lack of CTR1 gene
b) Lack of ATP7A gene
Which of the following conditions is associated with the rapid onset of nausea and vomiting, along with characteristic blue-green vomit upon ingestion?
a) Wilson’s disease
b) Menkes disease
c) Hemochromatosis
d) Porphyria
a) Wilson’s disease
