Prelim PostLab Flashcards
any agent which may cause any serious body injury, disease or death when applied, introduced into, or developed within the body.
Contaminants
Pesticides
Poison
Chemicals
Poison
Chemically causes local destruction of tissues upon contact.
Corrosive
True
Cumulative
Corrosive
Still poisonous no matter how highly diluted
Corrosive
True
Cumulative
True
Example of Inorganic poisons:
Volatile
Non-volatile
Mineral acid
Mineral alkali
Suddenly increases in intensity of action after gradual addition
Corrosive
True
Cumulative
Cumulative
Examples of Inorganic Poisons:
Volatile
Non-volatile
Mineral acid
Mineral alkali
Examples of Organic Poisons:
Volatile
Alkaloids
Animal poison
Bacterial
Organic poison
Glycoside
Highly irritant that produces local destruction of tissues, and characterized by N/V and great local distress
Corrosives
Neurotics
Carcinogenics
Asphyxiants
Lacrimators
Corrosives
stimulate growth of cancer cells
Asphyxiants
Lacrimators
Corrosives
Neurotics
Carcinogenics
Carcinogenics
act chiefly on the CNS
Lacrimators
Corrosives
Asphyxiants
Neurotics
Carcinogenics
Neurotics
gases that cause hypoxia
Asphyxiants
Neurotics
Carcinogenics
Lacrimators
Corrosives
Asphyxiants
stimulates tears
Asphyxiants
Neurotics
Carcinogenics
Lacrimators
Corrosives
Lacrimators
produces irritation or inflammation of the mucus membrane and characterized by vomiting & abdominal pain.
Irritants
Causes sneezing
Sternutators
Narcotics
Tetanics
Anesthetic
Sternutators
muscle weakness
Sternutators
Asthenics or Exhaustives
Narcotics
Tetanics
Asthenics or Exhaustives
mental weakness/depression
Sternutators
Asthenics or Exhaustives
Narcotics
Tetanics
Narcotics
spasmodic and continuous muscle contraction
Narcotics
Tetanics
Anesthetic
Depressant or Sedative
Tetanics
pain insensitivity
Narcotics
Tetanics
Anesthetic
Depressant or Sedative
Anesthetic
retard or depress the physiological action of an organ:
Tetanics
Anesthetic
Depressant or Sedative
Narcotics
Depressant or Sedative
provoke an immune response
Mutagenesis
Teratogenesis
Sensitization
Inflammatory Effects
Sensitization
fetal damage
Mutagenesis
Teratogenesis
Sensitization
Inflammatory Effects
Teratogenesis
Inherited by DNA damage
Mutagenesis
Teratogenesis
Sensitization
Organ damage
Mutagenesis
Required to be provided by chemical manufacturers, distributors, or importers for hazardous chemicals.
Material Safety Data Sheet
Section 1 Identification: identifies the chemicals on the SDS and recommended uses. It also provides contact information for the supplier. Information required in this section includes:
- The product identifier used on the label and any common names or synonyms which the substance is known.
- Name, address, phone number of manufacturer, importer, or other responsible party, and emergency phone number.
- Recommended use of the chemical (such as a brief description of what it does) and any restrictions on use.
T/F
TRUE
Section 3 Composition/information on ingredients: identifies the hazards of the chemical and the appropriate warning information associated with the hazards. Information required in this section includes:
- The hazard classification of the chemical.
- Signal word.
- Hazard statement(s).
- Pictograms.
- Precautionary statement(s).
- Description of any hazard not otherwise classified.
- For a mixture that contains an ingredient(s) with unknown toxicity, a statement describing how much (percentage) of the mixture consists of ingredient(s) with unknown toxicity. Note that this is a total percentage of the mixture and not tied to the individual ingredient(s).
T/F
FALSE - Section 2 Hazard(s) Identification
Section 5 Fire-Fighting Measures: identifies the ingredient(s) contained in the product identified on the SDS including impurities and stabilizers. This section includes information on substances, mixtures, and all chemicals where a trade secret is claimed. Information required in this section includes:
Substances
* Chemical name.
* Common name and/or synonyms.
* Chemical Abstract Service (CAS) number and other unique identifiers.
* Impurities and stabilizing additives, which are themselves classified and which contribute to the classification of the chemical.
Mixtures
* Same information as required for substances.
* The chemical name and concentration
* Present above their cut-off/concentration limit, or
* Present a health risk below the cut-off/concentration limit.
* A trade secret,
* There is batch-to-batch variation, or
* The SDS is used for a group of substantially similar mixtures.
Chemicals where a trade secret is claimed
* A statement that the specific chemical identity and/or exact percentage (concentration) of composition has been withheld as a trade secret is required.
T/F
FALSE - Section 3 Composition/Information on Ingredients
Section 4 FIrst-Aid Measures: describes initial care that should be provided by untrained responders to an individual who has been exposed to the chemical. Information required in this section includes:
- Necessary first-aid instructions by relevant routes of exposure (inhalation, skin and eye contact, and ingestion).
- Description of the most important symptoms or effects, and any symptoms tha are acute or delayed.
- Recommendations for immediate medical care and special treatment needs when necessary.
T/F
TRUE
Section 5 Fire-Fighting Measures: provides recommendations for fighting a fire caused by the chemical. Information required in this section includes:
- Recommendations of suitable extinguishing equipment, and information about extinguishing equipment that is not appropriate for a particular situation.
- Advice on specific hazards that develop from the chemical during a fire, such as any hazardous byproducts created when the chemical burns.
- Recommendations of special protective equipment or precautions for firefighters.
T/F
TRUE
Section 6 Accidental Release Measures: provides recommendations on the appropriate response to spills, leaks, or releases, including containment and clean up practices to prevent or minimize exposure to people, properties, and/or the environment. It may also include recommendations distinguishing between responses for large and small spills where the spill volume has a significant impact on the hazard. Information required in this section includes:
- Use of personal precautions
- Emergency procedures
- Methods and materials used for containment (e.g., cover drains and capping procedures).
- Clean up procedures (e.g., appropriate neutralization techniques, decontamination, cleaning or vacuuming, adsorbent materials, and/or equipment required for containment/clean up).
T/F
TRUE
Section 8 Exposure Control/Personal Protection: provides guidance on safe handling practices and conditions for safe storage. Information required in this section includes:
- Precautions for safe handling, including recommendations for handling incompatible chemicals, minimizing release into the environment, and providing advice on general hygiene practices (e.g., eating, drinking, and smoking in work areas prohibited).
- Recommendations on the conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities. Provide advice on specific storage requirements (e.g., ventilation).
T/F
FALSE - Section 7 Handling and Storage
Section 7 Handling and Storage: indicates the exposure limits, engineering controls, and personal protective measures that can be used to minimize exposures.
T/F
FALSE - Section 8 Exposure Controls/Personal Protection
Section 9 Physical and Chemical Properties: identifies physical and chemical properties associated with the substance or mixture. The minimum required information required in this section includes:
- Appearance (physical state, color, etc.), Odor, Odor threshold, pH, Melting/freezing point, Initial boiling point and boiling range, Flash point, Evaporation Rate, Flammability (solid, gas), Upper/lower flammability/explosive limits, Vapor pressure, Vapor density, Relative density, Solubility(ies), Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water, Auto-ignition temperature, Decomposition temperature, Viscosity
T/F
TRUE
Section 10 Stability and Reactivity: describes the reactivity hazards of the chemical and chemical stability. This section is divided into three sections; reactivity, chemical stability, and other.
T/F
TRUE
Section 11 Ecological Information: provides toxicological and health effects information or indicates that such data are not available
T/F
FALSE - Section 11 Toxicological Information
Section 12 Ecological Information: provides information to evaluate the environmental impact of the chemical(s) if it were released to the environment. Information in this section may include:
T/F
TRUE
Section 13 Disposal Considerations: provides guidance on proper disposal practices, recycling or reclamation of the chemical(s) or its container, and safe handling practices. To minimize exposure this section should also refer the reader to Section 8, Exposure Controls/Personal Protection. Information in this section may include:
- Description of appropriate disposal containers to use.
- Recommendations of appropriate disposal methods to employ.
- Description of the physical and chemical properties that may affect disposal activities.
- Language discouraging sewage disposal.
- Any special precautions for landfills of incineration activities.
TRUE
Section 14 Transport Information: provides guidance on classification information for shipping and transporting of hazardous chemical(s) by road, air, rail, or sea.
T/F
TRUE
Section 15 Regulatory Information: identifies the safety, health, and environmental regulations specific for the product that is not indicated anywhere else on the SDS. Information in this section may include:
- Any national and/or regional regulatory information of the chemical or mixtures (including any OSHA, Department of Transportation, Environmental Protection Agency, or Consumer Product Safety Commission regulations).
T/F
TRUE
Section 16 Other Information: indicates when the SDS was prepared or when the last known revision was made. The SDS may also state where the changes have been made to the previous version. You may wish to contact the supplier for an explanation of the changes. Other useful information may also be included in Section 16.
T/F
TRUE
a clinical toxicity secondary to accidental exposure
Poisoning
prompt and there is marked disturbances of function or death within a short period of time.
Acute
Chronic
Cumulative
Acute
suddenly increases in its intensity of action when a certain limit is reached
Acute
Chronic
Cumulative
Cumulative
gradual and there is progressive deterioration of the functioning of tissues
Acute
Chronic
Cumulative
Chronic
The poison was taken w/o intention to cause death
ACCIDENTAL
SUICIDAL
HOMICIDAL
UNDETERMINED
ACCIDENTAL
The history is hazy as to how the poison was obtained and why it was administered
ACCIDENTAL
SUICIDAL
HOMICIDAL
UNDETERMINED
UNDETERMINED
was taken by the victim voluntarily for the purpose of taking his own life
ACCIDENTAL
SUICIDAL
HOMICIDAL
UNDETERMINED
SUICIDAL
the poison was given willfully and e/ intent to cause death to the victim
ACCIDENTAL
SUICIDAL
HOMICIDAL
UNDETERMINED
HOMICIDAL
deduced from various events or facts
Circumstantial or Moral
Symptomatic
Chemical
Post mortem or Autopsy
Experimental
Circumstantial or Moral
administering the suspected substance to a living animal and noting the effect or symptoms
Circumstantial or Moral
Symptomatic
Chemical
Post mortem or Autopsy
Experimental
Experimental
Poisoning signs & symptoms are observed; inconclusive
Circumstantial or Moral
Symptomatic
Chemical
Post mortem or Autopsy
Experimental
Symptomatic
gathered from an examination of tissues and organs after death
Circumstantial or Moral
Symptomatic
Chemical
Post mortem or Autopsy
Experimental
Post mortem or Autopsy
detection of suspected substances via chemical analysis of samples of body fluids collected; not reliable as the poison may have decomposed or exchanged.
Circumstantial or Moral
Symptomatic
Chemical
Post mortem or Autopsy
Experimental
Chemical
T/F
Effects produced by a compound in laboratory animals, when properly qualified, are inapplicable to humans
FALSE
T/F
Exposure of experimental animals to toxic agents in high doses is a necessary and valid method of discovering possible hazards in humans because the incidence of an effect in a population in greater as the dose oxposure increases.
TRUE
first toxicity test performed on a new chemical
Acute Toxicity testing
Chronic Toxicity testing
Cumulative toxicity testing
Acute Toxicity testing
this is essential for characterizing the toxic effects of chemicals and their hazards to humans
Acute lethality studies
repeated administration typically for 14 days
subacute (Repeated-dose Study)
repeated administration typically for 6 mos. to 2 yrs.
Chronic
repeated administration typically for 90 days
Subchronic
a unique forum where the governments of 37 democracies with market-based economies collaborate to develop policy standards to promote sustainable economic growth.
The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)
unique tool for assessing the potential effects of chemicals on health and the environment
OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals
OECD Section 1:
Physical-Chemical properties
OECD Section 2:
Effects on Biotic Systems
OECD Section 4:
Health Effects
OECD Section 3:
Environmental fate and behavior
OECD Section 5:
Other Test Guidelines
transforming the percentage killed into a probability unit (probit).
Probit Analysis
CAM Assay
Brine Shrimp Assay
Draize Eye Irritation Test
Probit Analysis
used for the exposure concentration of a toxic substance lethal to half of the test animals.
LC50
the dose of a test substance that is lethal for 50% of the animals in a dose group.
median lethal dose (or LD50)
a robust technique that can be used to monitor invasion of ovarian cancer cell lines and to assess the role of novel molecules and potential therapeutic targets
Probit Analysis
CAM Assay
Brine Shrimp Assay
Draize Eye Irritation Test
CAM Assay - Chorioallantoic Membrane Assay
simple, low cost, high throughput cytotoxicity test of bioactive chemicals, based on killing ability of test compound on Artemia salina
Probit Analysis
CAM Assay
Brine Shrimp Assay
Draize Eye Irritation Test
Brine Shrimp Assay
evaluation of toxicity on human skin conducted w/ albino rabbits
CAM Assay
Draize Acute Skin Irritation Test
Brine Shrimp Assay
Draize Eye Irritation Test
Draize Acute Skin Irritation Test
directly inject test substance into conjunctival sac of albino rabbit
CAM Assay
Draize Acute Skin Irritation Test
Brine Shrimp Assay
Draize Eye Irritation Test
Draize Eye Irritation Test
chemical to be tested is applied in a single dose to the skin of a healthy young adult rabbits
Acute Dermal Irritation/Corrosion
Draize Acute Skin Irritation Test
Brine Shrimp Assay
Draize Eye Irritation Test
OECD 404 Acute Dermal Irritation/Corrosion
addresses the human health endpoint skin corrosion based on the rat skin TER test method, which utilizes skin discs to identify corrosives by their ability to produce a loss of normal stratum corneum integrity and barrier function.
Acute Dermal Irritation/Corrosion
Draize Acute Skin Irritation Test
In Vitro Skin Corrosion: Transcutaneous Electrical Resistance (TER) Test Method
Draize Eye Irritation Test
OECD 430 In Vitro Skin Corrosion: Transcutaneous Electrical Resistance (TER) Test Method
utilizes an artificial membrane designed to respond to corrosive chemicals in a manner similar to animal skin in situ.
Acute Dermal Irritation/Corrosion
Draize Acute Skin Irritation Test
In Vitro Skin Corrosion: Transcutaneous Electrical Resistance (TER) Test Method
In Vitro Membrane Barrier Test Method for Skin Corrosion
435 In Vitro Membrane Barrier Test Method for Skin Corrosion
test chemical is applied topically to a three-dimensional RhE model. Irritant chemicals are identified by their ability to decrease cell viability below the defined threshold levels.
In Vitro Skin Corrosion: Transcutaneous Electrical Resistance (TER) Test Method
In Vitro Membrane Barrier Test Method for Skin Corrosion
In Vitro Skin Irritation: Reconstructed Human Epidermis Test Methods
No. 439 In Vitro Skin Irritation: Reconstructed Human Epidermis Test Methods
both male and/or female healthy young adult animals can be used, At least 10 animals in the treatment group and 5 in the control group
406: Skin Sensitisation Guinea Pig Maximisation Test and Buehler Test
Minimum of 20 animals is used in the treatment group and at least 10 animals in the control group
Buehler test
In vivo method, mouse is the species of choice, young female mice of CBA/Ca or CBA/J strain
OECD GUIDELINE 429: Skin Sensitisation: Local Lymph Node Assay
in vivo method, non-radioactive variation of the LLNA method; used to detect potential skinsensitizing test chemicals and measure the lymphocyte proliferation they cause in the auricular lymph nodes.
OECD GUIDELINE 442 A: Skin Sensitisation: Local Lymph Node Assay
modified nonradioactive LLNA method.
OECD GUIDELINE 442 B: Local Lymph Node Assay: Brdu (5-BROMO-2-DEOXYURIDINE) ENZYME–LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT (ELISA)
addressing the Adverse Outcome Pathway key event on covalent binding to proteins
OECD GUIDELINE 442 C: In Chemico Skin Sensitisation Assays
an in vitro procedure (the ARE-Nrf2 luciferase test method) used for supporting the discrimination between skin sensitisers and non-sensitisers in accordance with the UN GHS
OECD GUIDELINE 442 D: In Vitro Skin Sensitisation: ARENrf2 Luciferase Test Method
OECD GUIDELINE 442 D: In Vitro Skin Sensitisation: ARENrf2 Luciferase Test Method
