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Toxicology > Toxic causes of ... > Flashcards

Toxic causes of ... Flashcards

1
Q

Toxic causes of respiratory failure

A 
CNS depression 
- Alcohols 
- Antidepressant, antihistamine
- Phenothiazines and sedative hypnotics 
- Barbituates, baclofen 
- Opioids, clonidine 
Ventilatory muscle failure 
- organophosphates, carbamates 
- Snakebite 
- Muscle relaxant 
- strychnine
Pulmonary  
- Pulmonary aspiration / pneumonitis: hydrocarbons, GI contents, charcoal 
- non-cardiogenic pulmonary oedema 
- Cardiogenic pulmonary oedema 
- ARDS 
- Paraquat
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2
Q

Toxic causes of tachycardia

A

anticholinergics: benztropine
antihistamine: phenothiazines (chlorpromazine)
Atypical antipsychotics, TCA, MAO
Sympathomimetic: amphetamines, cocaine, caffeine, theophylline
Tramadol
Digoxin
Drug withdrawral

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3
Q

Toxic causes of bradycardia

A

beta blocker
Calcium channel blocker
Clonidine
Digoxin

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4
Q

Toxic causes of hypotension

A

Vasodilators
Myocardial depressants
Hypovolaemia / third space loss

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5
Q

Toxic causes of hypertension

A

Sympathomimmetic: amphetamines, cocaine, MAO inhibitors

Anticholinergics

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6
Q

Toxic causes of broad QRS

A 
TCA 
Sodium channel blocker antiarrhythmics 
Propranolol 
Cocaine 
Local anaesthetics 
Dextropropoxyphene
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7
Q

Toxic causes of long QT

A 
Antipsychotics 
Sotalol 
Antibiotics - macrolides 
Antihistamine - phenothiazines 
Antifungal - ketoconazole 
Methadone 
Arsenic
Citalopram
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8
Q

Toxic causes of VF / VT

A 
Sodium channel blockers 
Cocaine 
Digoxin
Chloral 
Theophylline
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9
Q

Toxic causes of delirium

A 
Alcohols 
Anticholinergic 
Sympathomimetics 
Salicylates 
Hydrocarbons 
Benzodiazepines / sedative hypnotics 
Hallucinogenic agents 
Serotonergic agents 
Withdrawal syndromes
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10
Q

Toxic causes of seizures

A 
Sympathomimetics
TCA 
Venlafaxine 
Bupropion 
Cocaine / LA 
Tramadol , pethidine 
Propranolol 
Theophylline 
Mefenamic acid
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11
Q

Toxic causes of hyperthermia

A 
Sympathomimetic: amphetamine, cocaine
Serotonin syndrome: SSRI, SNRI, MAOI
Salicylate 
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome 
Malignant hyperthermia
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12
Q

Framework for risk assessment

A 
RRSI DEAD 
Resuscitation 
Ris assessment 
Supportive care and monitoring 
Investigations 
Decontamination 
Enhanced elimination 
Antidotes
Disposition
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13
Q

Specific elements of medication risk assessment

A 
Agent 
Does
Time since ingestion 
Clinical features / course 
Patient factors
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14
Q

Typical causes of anticholinergic toxidrome

A 
Antihistamine
Antipsychotics 
TCAs 
Benztropine 
Atropine 
Carbamazepine 
Plant poisoning
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15
Q

Typical features of anticholinergic toxidrome

A 
Hyperthermia 
Dry skin, flushed 
Tachycardia 
Delirium 
Dilated pupils, blurred vision
Urinary retention
Ileus 
Dry mouth
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16
Q

Typical features of mixed cholinergic toxidrome

A 
Lacrimation
Salivation 
Bronchospasm 
Bronchorrhoea 
Hypo or hypertension
Brady or tachycardia 
Mydriasis or meiosis 
Urinary incontinence 
Diarrhoea 
Fasiculations 
Muscle weakness, paralysis
17
Q

Causes of mixed cholinergic toxidrome

A

Organophosphates
Carbamates
Chemical warfare agents

18
Q

Causes of serotonin syndrome

A 
SSRI, SNRI, MAO inhibitors 
TCAs 
Tramadol, fentanyl 
Amphetamines 
Lithium 
St johns wort
19
Q

Causes of NMS

A 
Dopamine antagonists (neuroleptics)
Withdrawral of dopamine agonist
20
Q

Symptoms of NMS

A 
Hyperthermia 
Lead pipe rigidity 
Bradykinesia 
Alerted mental status 
Dystonia / abnormal posturing
21
Q

Symptoms of serotonin syndrome

A 
Hyperthermia 
Tachycardia 
Hyperreflexia 
Hypertonia / rigidity 
Clonus 
Hypertension
22
Q

Agents suitable for multidose activated charcoal

A 
Carbamazepine 
Dapsone 
Phenobarbitone 
Quinine 
Theophylline 
Amanita spp
23
Q

Agents suitable for urinary alkalinisation

A

Salicylate

Phenobarbitone

24
Q

Agents suitable for haemodialysis

A 
Ethylene glycol 
Methanol 
Salicylate 
Lithium 
Valproic acid 
Theophylline

Toxicology (4 decks)

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