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Tox > tox final > Flashcards

tox final Flashcards

1
Q

Insoluble Ca oxalate (ACID)

A 
M= penetration of needle ca ox crystals
CS= irritation of mouth, throat, lips
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2
Q

Inso Ca oxalate plants

A

Chinese, elephant, flamingo, fishtail, skunk, devil iv, cutleaf, arrowhead, umbrella, jack, cucoo, peace lily, calla lily, philodendrum, caladium, dumcane

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3
Q

sol oxalate (ACID)

A 
M= hypoCa, precip in tissues
C= kidney damage
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4
Q

sol ox plants

A

pigweed, lamb, greasewood, beet, sorrel, rubarb, halgeton, purselane

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5
Q

isocupressic acid (ACID)

A

vasoconstriction, decrease uterus blood fetal cortisol/abortion

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6
Q

isocupressic acid plants

A

ponderosa, monterey

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7
Q

quinone (ACID)

A

primary photosensitivation, skin stuff

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8
Q

quinone plants

A

st. johns wort, buckwheat

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9
Q

tannin (ACID)

A

GI, kidney (brown urine, constipation, GI monos)

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10
Q

tannin plants

A

oak tree, barbados

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11
Q

titerpene acid + plant (ACID)

A

VERVAIN (yellowsage/lantana) –liver damage and hepatic photosensitizaiotn (constipation, D+, icterus, photophobia, necrosis, sloughing)

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12
Q

colchicine (ALK)

A

antimitotic, many organs

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13
Q

colchicie plants

A

autum meadow, glory lily

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14
Q

Diterpene ALK

A

Competitive block of nicotininc receptors at muscle endplate
c- sudden death, muscle weak/stiff/stagger/bloat/recumbancy/collapse
Tx: physostigmine

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15
Q

Diterpene alk plant

A

delphinium, monkshade

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16
Q

ergot alkaloid

A

vasoconstriction, gangrene, uterine contraction

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17
Q

indolizine alk/swainsonine + plant

A

inhibit enzymes, decrease glycoproteins, neuronal degen, abnormal hoof and hair
CS: neuro, infertility, congentica defacts, heart failure, decreased immune
p= locoweed

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18
Q

lycorine alkaloid

A

emetic and purgative (bulb), VD, muscle tremors, seizures, salivation`

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19
Q

lyocrine alkaloid plants

A

narcissus, kaffir lily, spider lily, barbados lily, zephyr lily, river lily

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20
Q

muscarine alkaloid

A

shrooms- stim muscarinic recepters (CNS+)

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21
Q

Piperidine alkaloid

A

nicotinic effects ganglionic and NM + then blockade —> ataxia/incoord, birth defects

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22
Q

piperidine alkaloid plants

A

hemlock, lupines, tobacco, tree tobacco, coyte tobacco

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23
Q

pyridine alkaloids

A

nicotinic receptors at autonominc gangla and NMJ (low=depol, high=blockade) –> DUMBELLS

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24
Q

pyridine alkaloid plants

A

tobacco plant, tree tobacco, lobelia

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25
Q

prrolizidine alkaloids

A

hepatotoxic

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26
Q

pryrolizine alkaloid plants

A

rattlebox, ragwort, heliotrope

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27
Q

solanine and solanidine alkaloids

A

GI, CNS, respiratory, cardiac

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28
Q

solanine and solanidine alkaloids plants

A

black nightshade, american nightshade, egglplant, tomato, turkeyberry, chalice vine, chinese lantern

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29
Q

taxine alkaloids + plant

A

japanese jew, cardotoxic and GI

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30
Q

tropane alkaloids

A

atropine, hyoscine, hyoscyamine – DUMBBELS

Tx: physostigmine

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31
Q

tropane alkaloid plants

A

belladona, angels trumpet x2, devils trumpet, henbane

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32
Q

xanthine alkaloids

A

block adenosine receptors - phosophodiestrates (caffine, theophyline, theobromide) –> DU(musclestremors)(tachycardia) ES, seizures, CNS,

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33
Q

xanthine alkaloids plants

A

cocoa, coffee

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34
Q

Anthraquinone-glycoside

A

purgative

coffee weed- sk and kidney damage

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35
Q

Anthraquinone plants

A

cascara, buckthorn, coffee weed/senna

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36
Q

Calcinogenic glycosides

A

Vit D analog –> hyperCa+, increased bone density, calf of arteries/tendons/ligs

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37
Q

Calcinogenic glycoside plants

A

jessamine, turkeyberry

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38
Q

Carboxyatractyloside glycoside

A

Hepatotoxity

39
Q

Carboxyatractyloside glycoside plant

A

cocklebur

40
Q

Cardiac glycoside

A
  • NaK ATPase cardiotoxic/GI
41
Q

cardiac glycoside plants

A

foxglove, oleander, yellow oleander, periwinkle, desert rose, fringipani, bridal bouquet, squill, milkweed, rubber vine/purple, lily of the valley, christmas kallanchoe, miracle leaf, butterfly weed

42
Q

Coumarin glycoside+plant

A

Sweet clover; dicoumaril in spoiled plants = hemorrhage by - vit K

43
Q

Cyanogenic glycosides

A 
Acute= inhibit cytochrome oxidase/cell resp/CAC/glycolyisis, vasoC and irritate mm
Chronic= neuronal degeneration , antithyroid
44
Q

cyanogenic glycoside plants

A

Hydranga, casava, wild cherrries, sorghum , elderberry

45
Q

Cycasin

A
  1. cyasin- GI/liver
  2. BMAA- neurotoxic AA
  3. Neuronal degen
    Gi, liver, ataxia, V/D, anorexia, seizures, decreased wt
46
Q

Cycasin plants

A

sago palm, japanese cyad, cardboard palm, coontie

47
Q

Glucosinolate (thiocyanate) glycoside

A

antithyroid

48
Q

Glucosinolate (thiocyanate) glycoside plants

A

rape, kale, broccoli, cabbage, brussel sprouts, turnip, cauliflower, soybean, flax

49
Q

nitropropanol glycoside

A
  • enzyimes of Krebs/cell ox phos

resp/neurologic (cracker heels/roaring)

50
Q

nitropropanol glycoside plants

A

milkvetch, violet, lotus, indigo

51
Q

Phytoestrogen glycoside

A

bind to estrogen receptors = infertility, decreased libido, feminization

52
Q

phytoestrogen glycoside plants

A

white clover, sub clover, alfalfa

53
Q

protoanemonin glycoside

A

volatile oil released by hydrolysis causing severe GI irritaion and dermatitis

54
Q

protoanemonin glycoside plants

A

buttercups- anemone, ranunculus, clematis, helleborus

55
Q

ptaquiloside glycoside + plant

A

bracken fern ; precursor cell death in bm = aplastic anemia, enzootic bovine hematuria (turmors), retinal degeneration

56
Q

Steroidal saponin glycoside

A

hepatogenic photosensitization

57
Q

steroidal saponin glycoside plants

A

Agave

58
Q

Gossypol + plant

A

cottonseed; cardiotoxic/liver damage

59
Q

Molybdenum

A

Cu def= watery bubble D, wasting, depig, demyl ,osteoporosis

60
Q

Cooper

A

clovers –> liver damage/hemolysis

61
Q

Selenium

A 
a= Gi/resp
c= hoof/hair
62
Q

Selenium plants

A

Aster, woody waster, princess’s plume, milk vtech, goldenwood, paintbrush, saltbrush, alfafa, sorghum

63
Q

Nitrate

A 
A= MetHb, GI, resp 
C= decreased progesterone and abortion
64
Q

Nitrate plants

A

pigweed, oats, Sorgum, corn, beet, lambs quaters, sweet clover, alfafa, sunflower, whea

65
Q

Dimethyl sulfide + plant

A

Mustard; ox RBC = anemia, Hb-uria/anemia, icterus, cyanosis

66
Q

Diterpene esters

A

+ PKC cell/enzyme damage; mm irriation, salivation, V/D (+/-blood)

67
Q

Diterpene ester plants

A

cat tail, croton, candleabra catus, crown of thorns, poinsettia, pencil tree, machineel, sandbox tree, phsyicnut, wild physicnut, cassava

68
Q

Grayanotoxins

A

Binds to na channels and increases perm/depol; GI, depression , recumbncy, tachyp/c, seizures, fever, aspiration pneunomia

69
Q

Grayanotoxins plants

A

Rhododendron, mountain laurel, pieris, dog laurel, malberry

70
Q

Lectin

A
  • protein synthesis = cell death ; hemorrhagic enteritis
71
Q

Lectin plants

A

cator bean, precatory bean, coral plant, sandbox tree, black locust, beans

72
Q

Meliatoxin

A

enterotoxic, neurotoxic, resp failure

73
Q

Meliatoxin plants

A

chinaberry

74
Q

propyl disulfide; plant

A

amaryllis(onions/garlic)- O free radicals; anorexia, ataxia, tachyc/p, dyspnea, ictuer, onion odor, abortion

75
Q

Tetradymol + plant

A

sunflower/horsebush; hepatogenic photosensitizatoin SHEEP anorex/depres/headpress/icterus/emyphesema, necrosis, 2ndary bacterial infections

76
Q

Thiaminase

A

vit b def = neurotoxic

77
Q

Thiaminase plants

A

horsetail, bracken fern

78
Q

Triterpenoid saponins

A

GI mucosa= sal, v/d, colic, hypothermia

79
Q

Triterpenoid saponin plats

A

Alfafa, holly, english ivy, pokeweed

80
Q

Resin/Resinoid

A

irritaoin of nervous or muscle tissue

81
Q

Resin/resinoid plants

A

milkweed, MJ, chinaberry

82
Q

Alkiske and red clover

A

Horse: hepatic photosensitizatoion
LA: hepatic encephalopaty
lacrimation, photophobia, erythema, necrosis, sloughing

83
Q

Avocado

A

cardiotoxic, mastitis and galactia

84
Q

Black walnut

A

laminitis

85
Q

Primary + Secondary photosensitization

A

red clover, moldy alfafa, moldy wheat

86
Q

Grapes

A

renal failure in dogs only, V and ARF

87
Q

Lily problems

A 
cats= renal failure
dogs= GI irriation
88
Q

Pigweed

A 
Acute= nitrate = MetHb
Chronic= abortion, sol oxalate, renal tublular damage in LA
89
Q

Dried Red maple leaves

A

hemolytic anemia/HB; anemia, icturesm brown mm, hb-uria, dyspnea, cyanosis, death, anorexia, depression

90
Q

Senna

A

skel/cardiac myopathy; anthroquinone = cathartic ~~~ D+, muscle weak, recum, good apetite, myoglobinuria, coffee urine, tachy, death

91
Q

yellow star thistle and russian knapweed

A

interact with dopamine=neuronal death, ENE (chewing dz)

92
Q

macadamia nuts

A

DOGs recover in 2 days= weak hindlimbs, depression, ataxia, tremors, hyperthermia, lameness, recumbacny, colic, V/D, pale

93
Q

Plants causing mechanical injury

A

cactus, jimsonweed, cocklebur

Tox (2 decks)

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