Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Tox > tox final > Flashcards

tox final Flashcards

1
Q

Insoluble Ca oxalate (ACID)

A 
M= penetration of needle ca ox crystals
CS= irritation of mouth, throat, lips
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Inso Ca oxalate plants

A

Chinese, elephant, flamingo, fishtail, skunk, devil iv, cutleaf, arrowhead, umbrella, jack, cucoo, peace lily, calla lily, philodendrum, caladium, dumcane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

sol oxalate (ACID)

A 
M= hypoCa, precip in tissues
C= kidney damage
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

sol ox plants

A

pigweed, lamb, greasewood, beet, sorrel, rubarb, halgeton, purselane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

isocupressic acid (ACID)

A

vasoconstriction, decrease uterus blood fetal cortisol/abortion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

isocupressic acid plants

A

ponderosa, monterey

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

quinone (ACID)

A

primary photosensitivation, skin stuff

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

quinone plants

A

st. johns wort, buckwheat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

tannin (ACID)

A

GI, kidney (brown urine, constipation, GI monos)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

tannin plants

A

oak tree, barbados

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

titerpene acid + plant (ACID)

A

VERVAIN (yellowsage/lantana) –liver damage and hepatic photosensitizaiotn (constipation, D+, icterus, photophobia, necrosis, sloughing)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

colchicine (ALK)

A

antimitotic, many organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

colchicie plants

A

autum meadow, glory lily

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Diterpene ALK

A

Competitive block of nicotininc receptors at muscle endplate
c- sudden death, muscle weak/stiff/stagger/bloat/recumbancy/collapse
Tx: physostigmine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Diterpene alk plant

A

delphinium, monkshade

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

ergot alkaloid

A

vasoconstriction, gangrene, uterine contraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

indolizine alk/swainsonine + plant

A

inhibit enzymes, decrease glycoproteins, neuronal degen, abnormal hoof and hair
CS: neuro, infertility, congentica defacts, heart failure, decreased immune
p= locoweed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

lycorine alkaloid

A

emetic and purgative (bulb), VD, muscle tremors, seizures, salivation`

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

lyocrine alkaloid plants

A

narcissus, kaffir lily, spider lily, barbados lily, zephyr lily, river lily

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

muscarine alkaloid

A

shrooms- stim muscarinic recepters (CNS+)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Piperidine alkaloid

A

nicotinic effects ganglionic and NM + then blockade —> ataxia/incoord, birth defects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

piperidine alkaloid plants

A

hemlock, lupines, tobacco, tree tobacco, coyte tobacco

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

pyridine alkaloids

A

nicotinic receptors at autonominc gangla and NMJ (low=depol, high=blockade) –> DUMBELLS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

pyridine alkaloid plants

A

tobacco plant, tree tobacco, lobelia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
prrolizidine alkaloids
hepatotoxic
26
pryrolizine alkaloid plants
rattlebox, ragwort, heliotrope
27
solanine and solanidine alkaloids
GI, CNS, respiratory, cardiac
28
solanine and solanidine alkaloids plants
black nightshade, american nightshade, egglplant, tomato, turkeyberry, chalice vine, chinese lantern
29
taxine alkaloids + plant
japanese jew, cardotoxic and GI
30
tropane alkaloids
atropine, hyoscine, hyoscyamine -- DUMBBELS | Tx: physostigmine
31
tropane alkaloid plants
belladona, angels trumpet x2, devils trumpet, henbane
32
xanthine alkaloids
block adenosine receptors - phosophodiestrates (caffine, theophyline, theobromide) --> DU(musclestremors)(tachycardia) ES, seizures, CNS,
33
xanthine alkaloids plants
cocoa, coffee
34
Anthraquinone-glycoside
purgative | coffee weed- sk and kidney damage
35
Anthraquinone plants
cascara, buckthorn, coffee weed/senna
36
Calcinogenic glycosides
Vit D analog --> hyperCa+, increased bone density, calf of arteries/tendons/ligs
37
Calcinogenic glycoside plants
jessamine, turkeyberry
38
Carboxyatractyloside glycoside
Hepatotoxity
39
Carboxyatractyloside glycoside plant
cocklebur
40
Cardiac glycoside
- NaK ATPase cardiotoxic/GI
41
cardiac glycoside plants
foxglove, oleander, yellow oleander, periwinkle, desert rose, fringipani, bridal bouquet, squill, milkweed, rubber vine/purple, lily of the valley, christmas kallanchoe, miracle leaf, butterfly weed
42
Coumarin glycoside+plant
Sweet clover; dicoumaril in spoiled plants = hemorrhage by - vit K
43
Cyanogenic glycosides
``` Acute= inhibit cytochrome oxidase/cell resp/CAC/glycolyisis, vasoC and irritate mm Chronic= neuronal degeneration , antithyroid ```
44
cyanogenic glycoside plants
Hydranga, casava, wild cherrries, sorghum , elderberry
45
Cycasin
1. cyasin- GI/liver 2. BMAA- neurotoxic AA 3. Neuronal degen Gi, liver, ataxia, V/D, anorexia, seizures, decreased wt
46
Cycasin plants
sago palm, japanese cyad, cardboard palm, coontie
47
Glucosinolate (thiocyanate) glycoside
antithyroid
48
Glucosinolate (thiocyanate) glycoside plants
rape, kale, broccoli, cabbage, brussel sprouts, turnip, cauliflower, soybean, flax
49
nitropropanol glycoside
- enzyimes of Krebs/cell ox phos | resp/neurologic (cracker heels/roaring)
50
nitropropanol glycoside plants
milkvetch, violet, lotus, indigo
51
Phytoestrogen glycoside
bind to estrogen receptors = infertility, decreased libido, feminization
52
phytoestrogen glycoside plants
white clover, sub clover, alfalfa
53
protoanemonin glycoside
volatile oil released by hydrolysis causing severe GI irritaion and dermatitis
54
protoanemonin glycoside plants
buttercups- anemone, ranunculus, clematis, helleborus
55
ptaquiloside glycoside + plant
bracken fern ; precursor cell death in bm = aplastic anemia, enzootic bovine hematuria (turmors), retinal degeneration
56
Steroidal saponin glycoside
hepatogenic photosensitization
57
steroidal saponin glycoside plants
Agave
58
Gossypol + plant
cottonseed; cardiotoxic/liver damage
59
Molybdenum
Cu def= watery bubble D, wasting, depig, demyl ,osteoporosis
60
Cooper
clovers --> liver damage/hemolysis
61
Selenium
``` a= Gi/resp c= hoof/hair ```
62
Selenium plants
Aster, woody waster, princess's plume, milk vtech, goldenwood, paintbrush, saltbrush, alfafa, sorghum
63
Nitrate
``` A= MetHb, GI, resp C= decreased progesterone and abortion ```
64
Nitrate plants
pigweed, oats, Sorgum, corn, beet, lambs quaters, sweet clover, alfafa, sunflower, whea
65
Dimethyl sulfide + plant
Mustard; ox RBC = anemia, Hb-uria/anemia, icterus, cyanosis
66
Diterpene esters
+ PKC cell/enzyme damage; mm irriation, salivation, V/D (+/-blood)
67
Diterpene ester plants
cat tail, croton, candleabra catus, crown of thorns, poinsettia, pencil tree, machineel, sandbox tree, phsyicnut, wild physicnut, cassava
68
Grayanotoxins
Binds to na channels and increases perm/depol; GI, depression , recumbncy, tachyp/c, seizures, fever, aspiration pneunomia
69
Grayanotoxins plants
Rhododendron, mountain laurel, pieris, dog laurel, malberry
70
Lectin
- protein synthesis = cell death ; hemorrhagic enteritis
71
Lectin plants
cator bean, precatory bean, coral plant, sandbox tree, black locust, beans
72
Meliatoxin
enterotoxic, neurotoxic, resp failure
73
Meliatoxin plants
chinaberry
74
propyl disulfide; plant
amaryllis(onions/garlic)- O free radicals; anorexia, ataxia, tachyc/p, dyspnea, ictuer, onion odor, abortion
75
Tetradymol + plant
sunflower/horsebush; hepatogenic photosensitizatoin SHEEP anorex/depres/headpress/icterus/emyphesema, necrosis, 2ndary bacterial infections
76
Thiaminase
vit b def = neurotoxic
77
Thiaminase plants
horsetail, bracken fern
78
Triterpenoid saponins
GI mucosa= sal, v/d, colic, hypothermia
79
Triterpenoid saponin plats
Alfafa, holly, english ivy, pokeweed
80
Resin/Resinoid
irritaoin of nervous or muscle tissue
81
Resin/resinoid plants
milkweed, MJ, chinaberry
82
Alkiske and red clover
Horse: hepatic photosensitizatoion LA: hepatic encephalopaty lacrimation, photophobia, erythema, necrosis, sloughing
83
Avocado
cardiotoxic, mastitis and galactia
84
Black walnut
laminitis
85
Primary + Secondary photosensitization
red clover, moldy alfafa, moldy wheat
86
Grapes
renal failure in dogs only, V and ARF
87
Lily problems
``` cats= renal failure dogs= GI irriation ```
88
Pigweed
``` Acute= nitrate = MetHb Chronic= abortion, sol oxalate, renal tublular damage in LA ```
89
Dried Red maple leaves
hemolytic anemia/HB; anemia, icturesm brown mm, hb-uria, dyspnea, cyanosis, death, anorexia, depression
90
Senna
skel/cardiac myopathy; anthroquinone = cathartic ~~~ D+, muscle weak, recum, good apetite, myoglobinuria, coffee urine, tachy, death
91
yellow star thistle and russian knapweed
interact with dopamine=neuronal death, ENE (chewing dz)
92
macadamia nuts
DOGs recover in 2 days= weak hindlimbs, depression, ataxia, tremors, hyperthermia, lameness, recumbacny, colic, V/D, pale
93
Plants causing mechanical injury
cactus, jimsonweed, cocklebur

Tox (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions