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Toxicology > Tox Final > Flashcards

Tox Final Flashcards

1
Q 
Which part of ammonia gases is false?
1- from burning plastics
2- is lighter than air
3-has a specific odor
4- becomes ammonium hydroxide which is soluble in H2O
A

2- it is HEAVIER than air

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2
Q

T/F MOA of ammonia gasses is direct irritation to the lungs causing pulmonary edema and it inhibits the CAC

A

True

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3
Q

C/S of ammonia gas tox?

A

Red mm, lacrimation, coughing, sneezing, dyspnea, seizures, dec egg production

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4
Q

T/F Ammonia gas causes an acidosis with compensatory alkalosis

A

FALSE- causes alkalosis w/ comp acidosis

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5
Q

Tx ammonia gas tox

A

Remove source, O2, ointments, Abx, diuretics

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6
Q

H2S gas is from what?

A

Decomposing manure and sewage

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7
Q

What is the odor for H2S gas?

A

Rotten egg odor

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8
Q

What color does H2S gas cause GI and tissues to turn?

A

Black

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9
Q

T/F H2S gas turns into sulfuric acid and sodium sulfide with contact with mm

A

True

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10
Q

MOA H2S gas?

A

Inhibit cytochrome oxidase and cellular resp, death from histotoxic anoxia and cause hyperpnea

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11
Q

T/F H2S gas causes sudden death, without seizures

A

False- sudden death AND seizures

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12
Q

Lab diagnosis of H2S gas?

A

Dark blood and may not clot, also dark tissues

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13
Q

Tx H2S tox?

A

Na nitrate IV (form metHb to bind to H2S), O2, remove source

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14
Q

Color of blood with CO tox?

A

Bright red blood and mm

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15
Q

CO tox most severe in?

A

Small birds

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16
Q

CO causes what effect?

A

Haldane effect- left shift causing free radicals and not carrying O2

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17
Q

Chronic CS of CO tox?

A

Brain edema, hemorrhage, necrosis

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18
Q

Tx CO tox?

A

O2 of 5% CO2 in O2, blood transfusion

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19
Q

NO2 has what type of odor?

A

Chlorine like odor

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20
Q

What color is NO2?

A

Reddish brown (N2O4 is colorless)

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21
Q

NO2 on mm converts to what?

A

Nitrite and nitrate

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22
Q

What does nitric acid cause?

A

Irritation to mm, and lung damage/fibrosis

23
Q

Is acute or chronic more toxic with NO2 tox?

A

Acute

24
Q

Tx NO2?

A

Antioxidants, methylene blue for metHb, fresh air, O2, diuretics

25
Q

SO2/3 gases are from what?

A

Fossil fuels, industrial pollutants

26
Q

SO2 turns to what?

A

Sulfurous acid and sulfuric acid

27
Q

CS SO2 tox?

A

Reflex bronchoconstriction -> anoxemia/hypoxemia and lung damage

28
Q

Smoke inhalation is made worse by what?

A

Burns/heated air

29
Q

T/F smoke is a heterogenous mixture?

A

True

30
Q 
MOA simple asphyxiants (gases/vapors)?
Chemical asphyxiants (CO, HCN, H2S, NO2)?
A

Simple- none

Chemical- irrtants

31
Q

CS smoke inhalation?

A

Resp, CV, irritation, edema, CNS signs, burns

32
Q

Tx smoke inhalation?

A

O2, B adrenergic agonists, NO steroids/cough suppressants. NSAIDs, fluids

33
Q

Highly soluble smoke goes where?

Low soluble smoke goes where?

A

High- URT

Low- lungs/bronchioles

34
Q

Bufo toad toxin (bufotenine) causes what?

A

hallucinations, vasoconstriction, cardioactive steroids

35
Q

Which species is most susceptible to bufo toad toxin?

A

Dogs

36
Q

How are bufo toad toxins absorbed?

A

MM and open wounds (Vd all over- BBB)

37
Q

MOA bufo toad toxin?

A

Inhibit Na/K ATPase- irritate mm, Heart, BV, CNS, looks like digoxin

38
Q

Tx bufo toad toxin?

A

A/C, atropine, B blockers, lidocaine, digoxin immune Fab to bind digoxin

39
Q

What snakes are venom from?

A

Rattlesnakes, copperheads, cottonmouths, water moccasins

40
Q

Species most susceptible to venom?

A

Dogs- most susceptible and sensitive

41
Q

Toxicity levels from venom?

A

Rattle > cotton > copper

42
Q

MOA snake venom?

A

Hyaluronidase increases spread- primary hypocoagulation

43
Q

Hematological changes from snake venom?

A

Echinocytes, hemolysis, hemoconcentration, +/- DIC

44
Q

Tx snake venom?

A

Antivenin, diphenhydramine, fluids, transfusion, abx, pain control- NOT morphine (histamine). No steroids or NSAIDs

45
Q

What does coral snakes cause?

A

flaccid paralysis- neurotoxic effect, CNS depression, intravascular hemolysis

46
Q

Species most susceptible to marijuana and cocaine?

A

Dogs

47
Q

MOA pot?

A

Affects CB1 receptor in the brain- effects memory, perception and movement

48
Q

CS pot?

A

CNS depression, ataxia, in coordination, mydriasis, seizures, hypothermia, tachycardia

49
Q

MOA cocaine?

A

CNS stim, sympathomimetic- blocks reuptakke of NE, D, serotonin- directly affects the MYOCARDIUM

50
Q

T/F cocaine causes hypersalivation, vomiting, hyperactivity, seizures, tremors, tachycardia

A

True

51
Q

MOA amphetamines

A

CNS stimulant, blocks reuptake of D and NE, inhibit MAO, sympathomimetic peripherally

52
Q

T/F amphetamines causes metabolic alkalosis, hypoglycemia, and rhabdomyolysis?

A

False- metabolic ACIDOSIS, hypoglycemia, and rhabdomyolysis

53
Q

Tx amphetamines?

A

A/C, pheno/ B blockers, lidocaine, ammonium chloride and fluids
NO benzos!

Toxicology (3 decks)

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