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Intl. BA Tourism > Tourism lesson 1-4 > Flashcards

Tourism lesson 1-4 Flashcards

1
Q

The definition of tourism

A

Tourism is the movement of people to countries or places outside their usual environment for either personal or business reasons,.

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2
Q

Domestic tourism

A

Domestic tourists are tourist traveling within their own country.

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3
Q

Inbound tourism

A

Inbound tourist are people who enter a country to visit for the purpose tourism, such as business or holiday.

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4
Q

Outbound tourism

A

Outbound tourists are people leaving their own country and traveling to a different for the purpose of tourism.

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5
Q

Leisure travel

A

Tourists who partake in leisure travel are travelling for their own pleasure and
enjoyment or to take a relaxing holiday.

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6
Q

Leisure travel examples?

A

Holidays, cruises, stag and hen parties, sport and festival tourists, recreational tourism, wellness tourism

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7
Q

Corporate travel examples?

A

Business meetings, conferences, workshops, training sessions, exhibition, fair, training sessions

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8
Q

Incentive travel

A

Incentive travel - a trip or holiday that is given to an employee as a reward for reaching their targets or for extremely good performance in their job.

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9
Q

Specialist travels

A

Tourists partaking in specialist travel are travelling for a particular reason, such as to participate in a particular sport or to go on a specific kind of holiday like a
honeymoon.

Specialist agencies:

  • Adventure
  • Heritage and culture
  • Sport events
  • Education (learning languages abroad)
  • Ecology or sustainable tourism
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10
Q

VFR

A

Visiting friends and relatives

Tourists who are visiting friends and relatives are usually leisure travellers with a friend or member of the family.

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11
Q

Customer with specific requirements

A

Some customers may have special requirements, for wich tourism and travel organizations are expected to offer different or additional products and services.

different languages and cultures:
providing maps and tourist guides in a variety of languages
mobility problems: providing a wheelchair, accessible coach or minibus
hearing impairments: providing induction loops
visual impairments: providing large print menus
medical condition: allocating a ground floor room to a guest with a heart condition.

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12
Q

hearing impairments

A

Determination in the hearing organ.

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13
Q

Explain the tourism framework

A

The tourism framework is based on the source and the tourism destination region. The source region defines the area of people, where they work, live and spend their leisure time. Different motives and influences motivate people to leave their living area and they travel into the tourism destination, where they become a tourist. Within the tourism destination they encounter local residents and the behaviour of both groups of people (tourists and local residents) influence each other in different ways. The framework system is influenced by economical, social, technological, environmental and legal factors. These PESTLE elements have a significant impact on the way tourism is constituted, performed, experienced and perceived by various stakeholders.

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14
Q

PESTLE Analysis

A

A PESTEL analysis or PESTLE analysis is a framework or tool used to analyse and monitor the macro-environmental factors that may have a profound impact on an organisation’s and destination’s performance. PESTLE is an acronym which stands for Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Legal and Environmental factors.

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15
Q

What are political factors?

A

These factors are all about how and to what degree a government intervenes in the economy or a certain industry.

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16
Q

Example of political factors?

A 
Government policy
Political stability or instability
Corruption
Foreign trade policy
Tourism policy
Labor law
Environmental law
Education system
Health system
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17
Q

What are economic factors?

A

Economic factors are determinants of a certain economy’s performance

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18
Q

Example of economic factors?

A 
Economic growth
Exchange rates
Inflation rates
Disposable income of consumers
Unemployment rate
19
Q

Explain disposable income of consumers.

A

Disposable income, also known as disposable personal income (DPI), is the amount of money that households have available for spending and saving after income taxes have been accounted for. Disposable personal income is often monitored as one of the many key economic indicators used to gauge the overall state of the economy.

Disposable income results after paying regular expenses like rent fee, health insurance, taxes (in some way fixed regular expenses).

20
Q

What are social factors?

A

This dimension of the general environment represents the demographic characteristics, norms, customs and values of the population within which the organization operates.

21
Q

Example of social factors.

A

Population trends:

  • population growth rate
  • age distribution
  • income distribution
  • career attitudes
  • lifestyle trends
  • health trends
22
Q

Why is the knowledge of social trends important for marketers?

A

This factors are important when targeting a customer segment. It is important to understand them, to provide products and services, which are customer orientated.

23
Q

Explain population growth rate.

A

Population growth is the increase of the number of individuals in the population.

24
Q

Explain age distribution.

A

Synonym: Age composition

The proportionated numbers of persons in successive age categories in given a population.

Demographers often use demographic pyramids to describe both age and sex distribution in a population.

25
Q

reconciliation

A

a situation in which two people or groups of people become friendly again after they have argued:

It took hours of negotiations to bring about a reconciliation between the two sides.

Depending upon people and circumstances, they could also be a sign of an impending political reconciliation.

26
Q

impending

A

used to refer to an event, usually something unpleasant or unwanted, that is going to happen soon:

impending disaster/doom
The player announced his impending retirement from international football.

warnings of impending danger/disaster

his impending retirement

27
Q

reconcile

A

to find a way in which two situations or beliefs that are opposed to each other can agree and exist together:

It is sometimes difficult to reconcile science and religion.
It’s difficult to reconcile such different points of view.
How can you reconcile your fur coat and/with your love of animals?

28
Q

Economic sectors

A

Primary: involves the retrieval and production of raw materials, such as corn, coal, wood and iron. (A coal miner, farmer or fisherman would be workers in the primary sector.)

Secondary: involves the transformation of raw or intermediate materials into goods e.g. manufacturing steel into cars, or textiles into clothing. (A builder and a dressmaker would be workers in the secondary sector.)

Tertiary: involves the supplying of services to consumers and businesses, such as baby-sitting, cinema and banking. (A shopkeeper and an accountant would be workers in the tertiary sector.)

29
Q

Three sector model

A

Primary sector: raw materials
Secondary sector: manufacturing
Tertiary sector: services

30
Q

disruptive

A

causing trouble and therefore stopping something from continuing as usual:
His teacher described him as a noisy, disruptive influence in class.

disruptive social changes
If this immigration regulation is deemed to be disruptive to the rest of the EU, controls on free movement could be re-imposed.

31
Q

disruption

A

the action of preventing something, especially a system, process, or event, from continuing as usual or as expected:

The accident brought widespread disruption on the roads.

It would cause a tremendous disruption to our work schedule to install a different computer system.

32
Q

Politics (adv, verb, person noun, noun agreement)

A

Adv.: political
My friends and I are always having political discussions late into the night.

Verb: politize
to make something or someone political, or more involved in or conscious of political matters:
The whole issue has become increasingly politicized.
a highly politicized debate

person noun: politician:
Politicians rarely give straight answers to questions from journalists.

Policy:
Policy means a plan of action or a set of rules agreed by a business, a political group or a government, saying what they will do in a particular situation:

It’s not company policy to sell goods to persons under the age of 18.

The economic policy of the government is in ruins because of the global credit crisis.

33
Q

Economic (noun, adj, adv. person noun)

A

Noun: Economic
The country has been in a very poor economic state ever since the decline of its two major industries.
The government’s economic policies have led us into the worst recession in years.

Adj: economic
economic growth/policies
Employers faced record-low unemployment levels during the economic boom.
These laws serve to protect our long-range security and economic interests.

Adv.: economically
using little money, time, etc.:
As a student she lived very economically, rarely going out and buying very few clothes.

The neighborhood is one of Lexington’s most economically depressed areas.

person noun: economist
As an economist, he was able to shed some light on the problem.
Many economists expect unemployment to fall over the next couple of months.

34
Q

Social (adv., noun, noun spending time with other people, adj.)

A

Adj.: social
I had an active social life when I was at college.
One of the minus points of working at home is not having social contact with colleagues.
social classes/groups
social disorder/trends/change/equality/justice/differences

Noun: Social
a church social

Adj.:social
social conditions/position
He had almost no social life.
The rate of stress at work is consistent throughout the population, irrespective of age, sex and social class.

Noun: Sociability
Moreover, the researchers observed that improvement in attentional skills tended to be associated with a reduction in aggression and higher sociability.

Adj.: sociable
The new sales rep is savvy and sociable.
Rob’s very sociable - he likes parties.

Adv.: This type of behaviour is no longer socially acceptable.

35
Q

Technology (noun, adj., adv., person noun)

A

Technology
computer technology
Modern technology is amazing, isn’t it?

adj.: technological
We live in an era of rapid technological change.

adj.: technologically
The new cars will be energy efficient, environmentally friendly and technologically advanced.
They are the most technologically advanced nation in the world.

noun: technologist
an architectural technologist
a food technologist

36
Q

Environmental (adj., adv., noun person, noun)

A

adj: environmental
relating to the environment:
People are becoming far more aware of environmental issues.
The government is facing pressure from environmental campaigners.

adv: environmentally
The programme is aimed at helping cities pursue environmentally friendly development.
There is a need for energy policies that are environmentally sound.
The group believes that organic farming is more environmentally and economically sustainable.

noun person:
The expansion plans will face fierce resistance from environmentalists.
Some environmentalists argue for a return to a pre-industrial society.

noun: environmentalism (Umweltschutz)
The Department of Environmental Studies publishes a range of information on environmentalism and ecology.
The party is not green in its political outlook and is suspicious of environmentalism.

37
Q

Legal (adj,. adv., verb, legalization)

A 
adj.: legal
legal advice
a legal obligation/requirement
legal status
It's an organization that offers free legal advice to people on low incomes.

adv.: legally
The contract is legally binding.
People in Britain legally reach adulthood at 18.

verb: legalize
People in Britain legally reach adulthood at 18.
I’m against legalizing drugs.

noun: legalization
Some kind of legalization plan is needed for temporary workers who have become permanent residents.

38
Q

What is macroeconomics?

A

the study of financial systems at a national level
the study of the financial and economic systems of a country or an industry:

She’s written a book on the macroeconomics of developing countries.

39
Q

What is microeconomics?

A

the study of the economic problems of businesses and people and the way particular parts of an economy behave

Anyone conversant with basic microeconomics knows that it is covering fixed costs that a firm needs to worry about, not total or variable costs.

40
Q

What is GDP?

A

Gross domestic product

Gross Domestic Product: the total value of goods and services produced by a country in a year:

41
Q

What is R&D?

A

Research and development

42
Q

Acculturation

A

the process of changing so that you become more like people from a different culture, or of making someone change in this way

Acculturation is the process of modifying an existing culture through borrowing from the more dominant of cultures. Typically, in tourism, the community being acculturated is the destination community, which then experiences dramatic shifts in social structure and world view. Societies adapt to acculturation in one of two ways. Innovation diffusion is when the community adopts practices that are developed by another group; whereas cultural adaptation is less adoption of a new culture and more the process of changing when the existing culture is change

43
Q

acculturate

A

to change so that you become more like people from a different culture, or to make someone change in this way:
How did Hispanics acculturate to life in America?

44
Q

internship

A

a period of time during which someone works for a company or organization in order to get experience of a particular type of work:
Jane has a summer internship at a local TV station.

The business students often do an internship during their long vacation in e-commerce companies.

Intl. BA Tourism (3 decks)

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