Tourism KQ2 Flashcards
Describe the trends of international tourism before 1980.
Most of the tourist destinations were in developed regions, such as Europe and the Americas. In 1980, out of 300 million tourist arrivals, around 230 million was to Europe and the Americas.
Describe the trends of international tourists arrivals after 1980.
Asia pacific has shown an impressive growth in tourist arrivals. IN 2003, Asia pacific overtook the Americas and has become the fastest growing region for international tourism.
What are the 6 principles of ecotourism?
-Minimise Impact(on environment and local culture)
-Build environmental and cultural awareness and respect
-Provide positive experience for both visitors and hostels
-Provide direct financial benefits for conservation
-Provide financial benefits and empowerment of local people
-Raise sensitivity to host countries’ political, environmental and social climate
Explain how better and affordable transport due to developments in technology contributes to the growth of global tourism.
Developments in aircraft technology have led to great improvements in safety and shorter travel times. Lighter, more fuel efficient aircraft have also reduced the cost of flying. The rise of budget airlines that are cheaper than major airlines companies by flying to mainly short haul destinations and reducing the cost of tickets by selling them online. This has helped increase the number of international travellers by enabling more people to travel internationally more frequently and to more locations and giving travellers opportunities to go on holidays further from home.
Explain how the ease of access to information and e-services such as online booking of tours and tickets contribute to the growth of global tourism
The ability for people to book and research destinations online has made travelling cheaper and given tourist more information about their destinations. Online bookings eliminate the need for a travel agent and thus save on agents fees. It also gives tourists better access to information about their destination like places to see, accommodation and social etiquettes to observe. This has helped to promote air travel and global tourism as as tourist feel safer and more confident about travelling.
Explain how the increase in Disposable Income contributes to the growth of global tourism.
Disposable income is the amount of money people have after paying for taxes and necessities. Disposable income in many countries has been increasing due to rapid economic growth. Higher disposable income has allowed people to spend more on goods and activities that improve their quality of life. For example, countries like India and China where the number of people in the middle and high-income groups have been increasing have also shown an increase in the number of tourists travelling domestically and internationally.
Explain how the increase in leisure time has contributed to the growth of global tourism.
In many less developed countries and developed countries since the 1950s, more people have become involved with working in the tertiary industry. These jobs usually entail higher income and paid leave. Thus, people in all income groups have experienced more time off from work. The greater amounts of leisure time have allowed more people to travel thus increasing the number of tourists.
Explain how the changing lifestyle has contributed to the growth of global toursim.
Due to today’s fast pace of life, many people find themselves working longer hours in a day. Travelling is a way for people to take a break from their hectic life at work. Due to advances in technology and knowledge, people live longer and are more physically fit. Travelling has become a way for people to spend their retirement in a meaningful way. Thus the changes in lifestyle due to a faster paced work life and better health in old age has led to increases in the number of tourists. For example, in 2011, 78% of international tourists travelled for leisure or to visit friends and relatives as opposed to only 17% who travelled for business.
Explain how the increase in attractions contribute to the growth of global tourism.
Many countries around the world strive to make themselves more attractive to tourists by constructing or promoting tourist attractions. The increase in the number of attractions in various countries make places more interesting and enjoyable. For example, in Dubai, large investments were made in building world-class MICE facilities, luxury hotels and large-scale architectural and engineering projects like the ‘seven star’ Bur Al Arab Hotel and the Palm Islands for high-end residential, leisure and entertainments facilities.
Explain how the increase in investments in infrastructure and services contribute to the growth of global tourism.
Increase in tourism related infrastructure and services have made it more attractive for people to travel, increasing global tourism. Many countries in Southeast Asia, have expanded their airports to facilitate increased international tourist arrivals. Many countries have also increased the number of hotels to provide accommodation to tourists as well as training for tourism related jobs to increase the quality of the services provided. For example, the Cambodian government has contracted foreign companies to expand the airport at Siem Reap to cater for more international flights arriving to visit the Angkor Wat temple complex.
Explain how disasters can affect tourism.
Disasters discourage tourists from visiting a destination because they pose a greater risk to the safety of the tourists. Natural disasters can damage or disrupt tourist infrastructure and attractions which can discourage people from visiting a country or region. In March 2011, a severe earthquake struck northern Japan, causing tsunami and causing nuclear meltdown at a power plant. Japan’s tourist arrivals fell by 28% as tourists avoided the region. Also, the number of Japanese travelling overseas also declined, as they had to cope with the economic costs of the disaster.
Explain how regional and global recessions can affect tourism.
During a recession many people experience a loss of income or jobs which will cause people to cut back on spending and thus, less people will travel during a recession. The 2008-2010 global recession caused many people to lose their jobs or earn less income which caused tourism numbers to drop by 41 million between 2008 and 2009.
Explain how unfavorable political situations can affect tourism.
Political conflicts, such as protests, riots and civil wars, can discourage tourists from visiting as they pose dangers to tourists as well as residents and disrupt services and cause damage to infrastructure. As a result, tourists may postpone or cancel their travel plans to the affected region. In February 2011, political unrest began in Egypt, a major destination which lead to international tourist arrivals in Egypt dropping by 5 million between 2010 and 2011.
Explain how outbreaks of diseases can affect tourism.
Outbreaks of diseases pose a danger to tourists. Tourism to affected locations decreases as tourists do not want to risk getting infected with a contagious disease. Government agencies may advise travellers to avoid areas with disease outbreaks. For example, during the SARS outbreak in 2003, tourism worldwide dropped by 70% at its worst.
