tourism: gateway 2

Question 1

niche tourism

Answer 1

• Waitomo caves in New Zealand
  >glowwoms light the cave’s ceiling
• managed by the new zealand government and the local Māori
  > it’s managers closely monitor conditions within the cave to ensure minimal human impact on its internal environment
• tour operations are closely monitored and are halted if the carbon dioxide levels reach 2400 parts per million
  > carbon dioxide becomes corrosive to caves

Question 2

reasons for the growth in tourism
( developments in technology)- better and more affordable transport

Answer 2

• budget airlines have a rapidly expanded within Europe, North and South America and southeast asia since 1980s
  > airlines are more affordable than major commercial airlines
  > smaller and more fuel efficient aircraft
  > Jetstar Asia and AirAsia

Question 3

reasons for the growth in tourism
( developments in technology)- easy access to information

Answer 3

• tourists can online book their accommodation on hotel trivago
• can book their own air tickets without the need of travel agents

Question 4

reasons for the growth in tourism
( destination factors)- attractions

Answer 4

• Dubai is a city in the United Arab Emirates in the Middle east
  > became a major tourist destination and stopover between asia and europe
• it received more than 15 million travellers in 2017
• tourists visit Dubai mainly for shopping, business and entertainment
• Burj Al Arab is a ‘seven star’ luxury hotel built on a artificial island
• Palm Islands, the world’s beignet artificial islands for high end residential, leisure and entertainment

Question 5

reasons for the growth in tourism
( destination factors)- investment in infrastructure and services

Answer 5

• changi Airport’s budget terminal was shut down in september 2012 to make way for the new terminal 4
  > officially opened in October 2017
  > terminal 4 raised the airport’s total capacity from 73 million in 2013 to 82 million
• between 2012 and 2016 Hong Kong will add another 49 hotels to its 189 operating hotels
  > allow the city to accommodate to a potential rise in visitors from 42 million to 70 milion

Question 5

reasons for the growth in tourism
( destination factors) - access to information

Answer 5

• phuket thailand, signs in russian and english
  -1 million russian tourists yearly

Question 6

why is tourism subjected to fluctuations?
(disasters)

Answer 6

• in march 2011, japan experienced the most severe earthquake ever recorded
  > Tohoku earthquake
• by the end of 2011 the total tourist arrivals decreased by 28% to 6.2 million arrivals
• disasters can also discourage citizens of the affects country from travelling overseas
• South Korea receives one third of their tourists from Japan
  > compared to 2010, the tourist arrivals from Japan in March 2011 fell by 12%, 8% in april and 2% in may

Question 7

why is tourism subjected to fluctuations?(recessions)

Answer 7

• Global financial crisis
  > when the world largest financial firms went bankrupt in 2007 and 2008
  > firms collapsed after losing large amounts of their investments in the crash of the housing market in the USA
  > affected many countries in the different parts of the world, causing their economy to slow down and shrink

Question 8

why is tourism subjected to fluctuations?
( political situations)

Answer 8

• governments of most countries banned their citizens from visiting Libya for most of 2011
  > civil war was taking place and armed groups posed a threat to civilian lives
• commercial airlines reduced or stopped their flights into Libya
• between march and october 2011
• no commercial flights with into Libya’s airspace , no tourists

Question 9

why is tourism subjected to fluctuations?
( diseases)

Answer 9

• During SARS outbreak in 2003, hotel occupancy in Hong Kong dropped from the usual 82% to 15%