tectonic plates: gateway 2

Question 1

shield volcano

Answer 1

mount washington in the USA

Question 2

stratovolcano

Answer 2

• mount pinatubo, Philipenes, erupted in 1991
  > emitted 10 million tonnes of lava, 20 million tonnes of sulfur dioxide and millions of tonnes of ash
  > second largest eruption that occurred on land

Question 2

it is not always true that the greater the magnitude, the more extensive the damage

Answer 2

• 9.0 magnitude earthquake in Tohoku, Japan in 2011
  > had a death toll of 28 000 people
• 7.0 magnitude earthquake in Haiti in 2010
  > had a death toll of more than 300 000 people

Question 3

distance from the epicentre

Answer 3

• in Christchurch, New Zealand, in 2011
  > epicentre was a few kilometers away from the city centre
  > the city suffered more damage than areas further away from the city

Question 4

time of occurance

Answer 4

• when people are sleeping, there is a higher chance that these people will be trapped in their house and more deaths may occur
  > more than 2400 people died when an earthquake occurred a couple hours after midnight in the
  > Sun Moon Lake Region in Taiwan in 1999

Question 5

type of soil

Answer 5

• structures built on saturated and unconsolidated sediments can be affected by liquefaction
  > when the ground becomes unstable and flows like liquid
• In Christchurch, many houses and building had to be abandoned because they sunk into the ground
  > had to be abandoned because of liquefaction after the earthquake in 2011

Question 6

tsunamis
(risks associated with living in earthquake zones)

Answer 6

• in 2004 a 9.2 magnitude earthquake occurred in the indian ocean and triggered tsunami waves that spread throughout the indian ocean
  > it caused coastal damage to 12 countries
  > most damage was experienced in low lying coastal areas of western Sumatra, Indonesia,
  > and city of Banda Aceh
  > the tsunami waves were between 4 to 39 meters high and went as far inland as 10 km
  > houses swept inland or out to the sea

Question 7

disruption of essential services
(risks associated with living in earthquake zones)

Answer 7

• the earthquake in Kobe, Japan in 1995 damaged pipes and transmission lines
  > disrupted electricity, gas and water supplies to about a million of its 1.4 million residents

Question 8

landslides
(risks associated with living in earthquake zones)

Answer 8

-in 1970, an earthquake off the coast of Peru destabilised the slopes of Mount Huscaran and triggered a massive landslide
> it travelled more than 160 km/h and completely flattened the town of Ranrahica within seconds
> killed more than 18000 and only 200 survived