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Tourism Flashcards

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1
Q

Why is there a global increase in tourism?

3

A

People have:
More disposable income
Paid holiday leave
Holidays that are cheaper, and travel is cheaper and faster

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2
Q

What is the potential for development of mountains as a tourist destination? SE
Give an example…

A

The Alps as a ski or hiking resort

Jobs and all year round income sourced

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3
Q

What is the potential for development of coastal areas as a tourist destination? SE
Give an example…

A

Bondi beach as a beach resort attracting all ages for summer retreats
Local people gain business due to the multiplier effect
More income but seasonal

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4
Q

What is the potential for development of cities as a tourist destination? SE
Give an example…

A

New York for city breaks and culture tours
Monuments gain recognition and raise patriority
Flights and hotels are bough to raise local income

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5
Q 
What is the importance of tourism on a :
(both)
LEDC
MEDC
....economy?
A

Creates jobs for local people helping the economy to grow
Increases business for others (multip effect) that supply the tourist industry - helping the economy to grow
LEDCs: more dependent on tourism income - 15% of Kenya’s income vs. 3% of the UK’s
MEDCs: Important for the economy as in France it created 2 million jobs, and in 2006 made 35 billion euros

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6
Q

What are some external factors affecting visitor numbers to the UK? (5)

A

Exchange rates, other countries’ recessions or wealth
Politics - terrorism, war, human rights
Economy/infrastructure of host country - attractive/safe?
Media presentation - film adverts news

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7
Q

How does tourism affect the UK’s economy? (3)

How many people?

A

32 million overseas visitors in Britain in 2008
Castles and churches recieve funding as the main attractions In 2007 tourism contributed £114 to the economy
it employed 1.4 million people

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8
Q

Why has the lake district grown as a tourist destination?

So what are the attractions (4)

A

The lakes and mountains - Scarfel Pike so beautiful scenery
Beatrix Potter’s home, local shops
Water sports activities and sailing
Private housing for holidays

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9
Q

In the Lake district: What are the impacts of tourists due to the attractions… (4)
what are the prevention tech?

A

Use of the lakes from boats causes oil spills and pollution - the lakes are restricted and the types of boats allowed
the mountains are eroded from walkers and footpaths - paths are repaired and funded
Housing owned privately I’d bad for the economy as people live there seasonally
traffic and pollution from the cars from visitors so car parks outside our town are made and busses are used

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10
Q

What is the effectiveness of the strategies used to prevent soil erosion in the lake district?
Success
Social and economical positives
Negative

A

160 paths have been restored but another 60 need to be completed.
Natural resources are used along with local rafts men and 100 volunteers.
But it costs £150 per metre.

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11
Q

How much Lake District property is owned for second homes?

How many people visit each year?

A

20%

7 million

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12
Q

What is one coastal area of the Uk known for tourism?

A

Blackpool

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13
Q

What happened in the exploration stage at Blackpool? (3)

A

Small numbers of people visit
Bathing in the sea wasn’t very popular
Only available to local residents

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14
Q

What happened in the involvement stage at Blackpool? (2)

A

In 1846 the railway was built offering cheap weekend brakes to:
Factory workers especially in the north gained paid holiday leave to go to the resort

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15
Q

What happened in the development stage at Blackpool? (3)

A

Hotels and infrastructure improved as money poured in from:
Package holidays
Attractions were built and beaches became crowded - the Central pier opened in 1868

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16
Q

What happened in the consolidation stage at Blackpool? (2)

A

Tourism was a major part of the economy, the fishing trade had declined
Between the wars it was viewed as the leading resort for low cost package holidays

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17
Q

What happened in the stagnation stage at Blackpool? (3)

A

Attractions else where became more well known and accessible
Flights and resorts in Spain became increasingly cheap and accessible and popular
The climate is unreliable but in the Mediterranean it’s constantly warm, along with the ocean

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18
Q

What happened in the decline stage at Blackpool? (2)

A

Hen parties and stag do’s swarmed here
Casinos opened
Negative clientele and crime rates increased - increasing unpopular

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19
Q

What happened in the rejuvenation stage at Blackpool? (3)

A

£300 million for the project launched in 2009
Fairgrounds and sea life as new attractions for young demographic and families
Plans for a new shopping centre

20
Q

What is the definition of mass tourism?

A

Organised tourism with large numbers of people going to the same place at the same time.

21
Q

What are the positive effects of mass tourism on the environment? (2)

A

Raises money and awareness for endangered animals and breeding programs or protection
Money used to preserve the environment

22
Q

What are the attractions in Kenya? (3)

A

Tropical rainforests near lake Victoria
Southern maasai mara
Lamy and the coastline calm because of a fringe of coral

23
Q

What are the negative impacts of mass tourism on Kenya? (3)

A

Litter kills animals

motor vehicles and the flights cause pollution Coral reefs damaged by anchors and boats from scuba diving

24
Q

What are the positive economic impacts of mass tourism on Kenya? (3)

A

The money feeds the economy which us largely reliant on tourism
Tourism brings in foreign exchange which is very valuable because of the multiplier effect.
Supports local jobs at the safari park, scuba diving or hotel

25
Q

What are the negative economic impacts of mass tourism on Kenya? (2)

A

Many profits leave the country to foreign tourist companies, economic leakage, 15% goes to the locals
Managerial positions held by imported workers from MEDCs

26
Q

What are the positive environmental impacts of mass tourism on Kenya? (3)

A

Raises money and awareness for endangered animals and at risk environments
Money from tourism used to fund breeding programs and aid protection by stopping poaching.
Money can be spent to conserve the environment and to fund more sustainable energy.

27
Q

What are the negative environmental impacts of mass tourism on Kenya? (3)

A

Litter - tourists drop this in the water or on the grasslands, animals eat this and die.
People get too close to the animals and disturb their breeding, living, and feeding or migratory routes
Tourists travel often from the west which is a long way by plane burning lots of fossil fuels polluting the air.

28
Q

What are the strategies for maintaining tourism in Kenya by reducing its negative effects? (3)
Tourists
Reefs
Parks

A

Diversify the tourists activity range by opening up new areas like adventure activities on rivers and lakes (Victoria)
Protect the reefs of the Mombasa coastline by constructing floating pontoons at the popular diving spots rather than anchoring every boat onto the coral , increase patrol of the coastlines and give boat owner better education so they are more environmentally aware.
Achieve a better distribution of tourists throughout Kenya so that the is less pressure on hot spots.

29
Q

What local strategies are there for maintaining tourism in Kenya by reducing its negative effects? (3)

A

A new program in 2007 created by the Kenya Tourist Board, aims to curb tourist members in over-visited parks like the Maasai Mara.
It will increase tourist entry fees and set a higher minimum price for hotels and camps, a premium added to game park improvements.
This means there will be quality not quantity, to preserve the wildlife and environment.

30
Q

What does ecotourism mean?

A

Tourism that protects the environment, respects local cultures, benefits local communities, conserves natural resources and causes minimal pollution.

31
Q

What is conservation?

A

The personal responsibility for looking after the environment

32
Q

What is stewardship?

A

The thoughtful use of resources, managing the landscape to protect existing ecosystems

33
Q

What is the need for conservation and stewardship?

A

To achieve sustainable development. Is C and S are achieved less pollution will be caused and natural resources will be preserved, preserving the natural environment.

34
Q

What is sustainable development?

A

It allows growth to occur without harming the environment. It benefits people alive today but does not compromise future generations.

35
Q

What is an ecotourist retreat? Name, where?

A

Morgan’s Rock, Nicaragua, South America

36
Q

What the positive social impacts of ecotourism in MR? (3)

A

It provides jobs in the retreat, cooks, cleaners and other staff, for locals, they enjoy their work and understand the positive environmental impacts.

Natural local resources are used support the local farmers who produce these. Weaves are sold to furnish the hotel.

Locals do ecoeducation, costing them nothing and they get all of the profits, none goes to any other tourist provider or manager.

37
Q

What the positive environmental impacts of ecotourism in MR? (3)

A

All the materials used are grown locally and sustainably, few emissions and no shipping costs to the environment.

Water is heated by solar panels, the buildings are made out of natural materials, low lying and soft lighting is used with no air con so animals are not disturbed.

The beach is privately owned so it can be cleaned and patrolled to make sure there is no litter or pollution.

38
Q

What the positive economic impacts of ecotourism in MR? (3)

A

They charge £20 to plant a tree in their sustainable wood forest, so a lot of money feeds the economy in helping conservation.

All materials used to build the hotel were sourced locally and local builders used, keeping all the money within the local economy

£12 to see how the locals look after their animals, they can help milk the cows, free way for locals to make money and educates tourists

39
Q

How can the positive effects of ecotourism contribute to sustainable development? (3?)

A

Money is coming in without using up valuable resources, e.g shipping oil for electricity, so the industry is sustainable
The fuels and materials used are sustainable
The environment is being cared for as they are earning enough to look after it

40
Q

Why is Antarctica an extreme environment? (2?)

A

It holds 90% of the worlds ice
It is the coldest country with temperatures as low as -89
The windiest continent, 154mph highs
The driest continent, a desert

41
Q

What are the attractions of Antarctica for tourists? (3)

A

Wilderness - unique geographical features like ice bergs and caves, penguins, stunning scenery and wildlife
Extreme - the experience and stories they will come back with, the weather, extreme sports, surfing and hiking
Access - it’s now accessible with cruise ships and flights, young couples can afford to travel here and the grey market too

42
Q

What is extreme tourism?

A

Involves visiting a dangerous, sparsely populated area often with a difficult climate and limited access.

43
Q

Why is there increased demand for adventure holidays? (3)

A

They are now accessible so more people want to do them, with cruises and faster flights
People have more disposable income so more people can afford to go on the more expensive holidays
Some wildlife and sceneries can only be seen these environments

44
Q

What is the impact of tourism on the environment of Antarctica? (4)

A

Tourists trample the ground where ecosystems can be easily destroyed
They disturb wildlife
They drop litter
Fuel spills from ships kills moluscs and fish as well as the birds who feed on them

45
Q

What are three effective measures Antarctica is using to protect it from tourism?

A

The treaty of Antarctica: Countries sign up to protect A from being drilled for oil, pollution and war, and now want to discuss regulating tourism
Visitors aren’t allowed to visit sites of special scientific interest, to conserve the precious wildlife and landscapes
Permits must be gained for any activities on the continent

46
Q

What are two not so effective measures Antarctica is using to protect it from tourism?

A

Any tourists are not allowed to go within five meters of penguins and other wildlife, or leave litter or waste, not very effective, can’t be enforced easily
No ship carrying over 500 passengers is allowed but there are concerns larger ships will be allowed

47
Q

What is the sequence for attraction exploration?
5
then 2

A 
Exploration
Involvement
Development
Consolidation
Stagnation
Decline
Rejuvination

Geography (6 decks)

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