Population Flashcards
Describe and explain world population growth. ..
The world population is growing exponentially as many countries have higher birth rates than death rates. This leads to a natural increase in population.
What has made world population grow? 4
And shrink? 3
Increase in yield from industry has supported larger families economically.
Polio vaccine in 1955
1948 NHS founded
Post war baby booms
1961 NHS introduced the oral contraceptive pill
China one child policy 1978
Asian tsunami decreases birth rates
What is birth rate?
What is death rate?
The number of births/ deaths per 1000 of the population per year
What are 2 social reasons for low birth rates in Europe?
2 economic reasons?
One political?
Emancipation of women means they’re educated and have a career instead of babies
Family planning practice by nearly all couples
Children unlikely to contribute to family income
Average cost of bringing up a child in the UK in 2005 was over £60,000
Government supports and finances family planning
What are 2 social reasons for high birth rates in Africa and the middle east?
Two economic reasons?
Two political reasons?
Family planning is not widely used especially amongst the poor
Many women recieve little education and marry young
One child who dies well could let a family out of poverty
Children are expected to work to supplement the family income
Sone governments abd religions don’t approve family planning
Family planning clinics aren’t always available in rural areas
Describe the birth rate in stage 1 of the DTM. ..
Death rate…
overall population …
Very high… fluctuating slightly
High but just lower than the birth rate
Very low but slowly increasing
What is the DTM?
The demographic transition model that shows population change
Describe birth rates in stage 2 of the DTM. ..
Death rate…
overall population. ..
There is now a …
Very high and slightly fluctuating
rapidly declining
Quickly increasing
natural increase
Stage 3 DTM
Birth rate
death rate
overall population
Rapidly falling birth rate
Starting to slow down but still falling
Increasing
Stage 4 DTM
Birth rate
Death rate
overall population
Very low and falling
Almost not falling any more very low
Slowly reaching the top, peaking and starting to flat line as the b rate and d rate are =
Stage 5 DTM Birth rate death rate overall population There is a ... The lines are ...
Decreasing below the death rate Stays the same going down Natural decrease Dotted
Stage 1 DTM: Which country is here? How do they live in general? Why do they have ... birth rates? Why do they have ... death rates? How big is their population?
Traditional rain forest tribes in Brazil and Ecuador
With little contact with the outside world
high, no birth control
high, little medicine, low life expectancy because of this
Small
Stage 2 DTM: Which country is here? How do they live in general? Why do they have ... birth rates? Why do they have ... death rates? How big is their population?
Afghanistan
They are very poor and held back by political instability and war
high, children are needed for agriculture for income, also fewer mothers die in childbirth
decreasing rapidly, improvements in medicine and hygiene cure and prevent some diseases, life expectancy increases
Starting to increase rapidly
Stage 3 DTM: Which country is here? How do they live in general? Why do they have ... birth rates? Why do they have ... death rates?
Brazil
It is an NIC, less development but a growing economy, Roman Catholic country
High, but decreasing as modernised families see the benefits from having few children, availability of birth control decreases the birthrate along with economic change making it more expensive to have them and not as necessary in an industrialised country, schooling is compulsory between 7-14 years in Brazil.
Decreasing to very low as medicine is improving and diseases are vaccinated against
Stage 4 DTM: Which country is here? How do they live in general? Why do they have ... birth rates? Why do they have ... death rates?
USA
Largest and most developed economy in the world,
low, Birth rates are higher than normal due to immigration but till relatively low due to the economy and industry and urbanisation.
low, immunizations and medicines are very advanced and increase life expectancy dramatically, over trebling stage 1 or 2 expectancy.
Stage 5 DTM: Which country is here? How do they live in general? Why do they have ... birth rates? Why do they have ... death rates?
Germany
Very well developed, women have high achieving jobs and careers and there’s an aging population
low, more elderly people, expensive to have children and care for grandparents, women have careers instead of being mothers
low, life expectancy is high as medicine is very advanced still.
Describe the population pyramid for LEDCs… because…
- Base
- Middle
- Top
Wide base … high birth rate
Getting narrower, short life expectancy
Very narrow, high death rate
Describe the population pyramid for MEDCs… because…
- Base
- Middle
- Top
- Narrow, low birth rate
- Wide middle, barrel shaped, used to be a high birth rate and now the population is ageing
- Wider top, low death rate, better medicine
What is the dependency ratio?
The ratio between dependent and independent populations
What is the independent population? (15-64)
The young working population who contribute to incomes and pensions
What is the dependent population?
The population who rely on the services and pensions and no longer work
List three political population problems in LEDCs…
Governments need to decide where to relocate people
Governments have to pay for health and education for expanding populations
They need money to pay for relocation, food and farmland (Indonesia)
List three economic population problems in LEDCs…
Lack of money available for schools and medicine
Few jobs so many unemployed and living in shanty towns outside cities.
The poor can’t sell to the rich so no way of getting out of the slums
